Tennis elbow Flashcards
What are insertional tendinopathies?
Common disorders caused by repetitive strain on tendons at their point of origin or insertion on a bone.
Who is most commonly affected by insertional tendinopathies?
Athletes and people who regularly perform repetitive movements.
Which tendons are most commonly affected by insertional tendinopathies?
- Achilles
- Patellar
- Forearm
- Rotator cuff
What are the typical symptoms of insertional tendinopathies?
Insidious onset of focal pain and tenderness associated with an increase in activity.
How is the diagnosis of insertional tendinopathies usually made?
Clinical diagnosis.
What imaging is used in cases of diagnostic uncertainty for insertional tendinopathies?
X-ray, followed by ultrasound or MRI.
What is the typical outcome of conservative management for insertional tendinopathies?
Complete remission in most patients.
What treatment options are available for refractory symptoms of insertional tendinopathies?
- Glucocorticoid injections
- Extracorporeal shock wave therapy
- Surgery
What is lateral epicondylitis commonly known as?
Tennis elbow.
What is the primary etiology of lateral epicondylitis?
Repeated or excessive pronation/supination and extension of the wrist.
What clinical feature is associated with lateral epicondylitis?
Pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle and along extensor muscles.
What test is used for diagnosing lateral epicondylitis?
Cozen test.
What is medial epicondylitis commonly known as?
Golfer’s elbow.
What is the primary etiology of medial epicondylitis?
Repeated wrist flexion and forearm pronation.
What clinical feature is associated with medial epicondylitis?
Pain in the medial elbow that radiates down the forearm.
What is the primary cause of iliotibial band syndrome?
Repetitive flexion and extension of the knee.
What are the clinical features of iliotibial band syndrome?
- Pain in the lateral knee
- Shooting pain after foot strike
- Dull, constant pain at rest
- Possible swelling at distal iliotibial band
What diagnostic test is used for iliotibial band syndrome?
Noble test.
What is the primary symptom of patellar tendonitis?
Pain in the patellar tendon.
What is Achilles tendinopathy commonly associated with?
Increased exercise intensity and recent fluoroquinolone use.
What are the clinical features of Achilles tendinopathy?
Tenderness on palpation at the insertion of the Achilles tendon and 2–6 cm above the insertion.
What is included in the conservative management of insertional tendinopathies?
- Relative rest
- Ice
- Orthotic braces
- Physical therapy
- Topical or oral NSAIDs for 7–14 days
What should physical therapy for insertional tendinopathies include?
Strength training with appropriate tendon loading to promote tendon repair.
What indicates the need for surgical options in managing insertional tendinopathies?
If pain persists for ≥ 3 months.
