Tendon insertions and clinical syndromes Flashcards
What do tendons do
Attach muscle to bone
What are tendons made up of
Fibres made of fibrils
What are the transitional stages from tendon to bone
Tendon, fibrocartilage, mineralised fibrocartilage (sharpeys fibres) and bone
How can tendons degenerate
Genertic predisposition, minute tears, fibrocartilaginous metaplacia, calcification, and critical zones
what are the 3 ways tendons can be damaged
Degeneration, trauma, vascular reaction
What is a tendon rupture, and what speed do they happen at
The tendon tears, happens at higher speeds
What is a bone avulsion and what speed do they happen at
A fracture where tendon/ligament pulls a bit of bone off, slower speeds
What sites are common regardins strains
Shoulder (rotator cuff)
Golfer and tennis elbow
Achilles tendon
What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor
Where does supraspinatus insert and what does it do
Inserts onto greater tuberosity, allowing abduction
What is the critical zone of the rotator cuff?
An area of poor blood supply, under surface of tendon as it inserts, where tears occur
How will supraspinatus rupture present
Weak shoulder abduction, unable to keep arm elevated, drop arm sign
What is tennis elbow
Common extensor origin at lateral epicondyle is tender and pain is exacerbated by resisted wrist extension
What is golfer elbow
Common flexor origin at medial epicondyle is tender and pain is exacerbated by resisted wrist flexion
What is the definition if tendinopathy
Pain arising from strain/injury to tendons and their insertions to bone
