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Week 112 - Injury to wrist > Tendon and Ligament Biology > Flashcards

Tendon and Ligament Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What does a tendon connect?

A

Muscle to bone

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2
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Transmit muscle force with minimal elongation

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3
Q

Which body tissue has the highest tensile strength?

A

Tendon

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4
Q

What cells make up a tendon?

A

Tenocytes and fibroblasts

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5
Q

Describe the organisation of a tendon

A

Made up of a tertiary fibre bundle which consists of:

  • Secondary fascicles
  • Primary fascicles
  • Collagen fibres
  • Collagen fibrils

Endotenon - encloses each fascicle
Epitenon - encloses all fascicles
Paratenon - encloses the epitenon

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6
Q

What is the composition of tendon?

A

Collagen

  • type I (95%)
  • type III and type V (5%)

Elastin

Proteoglycans

Fibrocartilage

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7
Q

What is the properties of collagen?

A

Provide tensile strength

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8
Q

What is the property of elastin?

A

Provides elasticity and stores energy during movement

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9
Q

What are the properties of proteoglycan?

A

Regulate collagen fibril size and helps with resistance by binding with water

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10
Q

How do the cells of the tendon change at the enthesis?

A

Cells at the enthesis are more fibrocartilaginous

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11
Q

What are the specialised regions of the tendon?

A

Epiphysis

Wrap around regions

Myotendinous junctions

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12
Q

What is golfer’s elbow?

A

Medial epicondylitis

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13
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

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14
Q

What does a ligament connect?

A

Bone to bone

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15
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

A

Holds joint together

Supply proprioceptive information

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16
Q

What is the composition of a ligament?

A

Collagen

  • Type I (90%)
  • Type III (10%)

Proteoglycans

Elastin

Water

17
Q

What are the most common sports related ligament injuries?

A

MCL - better repair capacity

ACL - repair capacity is poor

18
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

Cartilage between bones that act like a shock absorber

19
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

Cartilage on the bones that tolerate pressure

20
Q

What is the synovium?

A

Produces synovial fluid that lubricates tissue surface

21
Q

Which two types of cell form tissue?

A

Parenchymal cells - functioning cells of tissue

Support cells - commonly termed connective tissue

22
Q

What 4 macromolecules does extracellular matrix consist of?

A

Collagen

Elastin

Proteoglycans

Glycoproteins

23
Q

What is collagen?

A

Main structural protein in connective tissue

Aggregate to produce filaments, fibrils or meshwork to support ECM

24
Q

What substances strengthen the cross links between collagen?

A

Lysine

Hydroxylysine

25
Q

Which collagen types are fibrillar and provide mechanical strength?

A

Types: I, II, III, V, XI

26
Q

Which collagen types are fibril-associated and link collagens to each other?

A

Types: IX, XII, …

27
Q

Which collagen types are sheet forming and anchoring?

A

Type IV - forms meshworks in basal laminae

Type VII - connects basal laminae in skin to underlying connective tissue

28
Q

Which collagen type is transmembranous and function as adhesion receptors?

A

Type XIII

Week 112 - Injury to wrist (3 decks)

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