Temporary Camps

Question 1

What are the dimensions of a Shallow Trench Urinal (STU)?

Answer 1

1m wide x 3m long x 0.15m deep with a further 0.15 depth of loose soil.

Question 2

What are the purpose of aiming markers in a STU?

Answer 2

Minimise fouling of the sides of the pit.

Question 3

What maintenance is required for a STU?

Answer 3

Soil is to be raked over and the are periodically sprayed with insecticide.

Question 4

What are the dimensions of Shallow Trench latrines (STL) and how many are built a. Initially b. For an additional 100 troops?

Answer 4

0.3m wide x 0.9m long x 0.6 m deep. Each Trench is to be 0.6m apart from another.
a. 5 trenches for the first 100 troops.
B. 3 for every additional 100.

Question 5

How long does a STL last for?

Answer 5

Up to 3 days or 3/4 full.

Question 6

Why should new STL be sited closer to camp each time?

Answer 6

To avoid users crossing foul ground of closed latrines.

Question 7

What should be done when closing a STL?

Answer 7

Backfilled with earth, if possible, heavy gauge polythene sheeting to be placed 150mm below ground level and extending 750mm beyond all sides. Backfilling then continues with preserved turf replaced on top.

Question 8

What STL maintenance needs to occur following each use?

Answer 8

Earth is to be sprinkled over the excreta.

Question 9

How is an improvised grease and soap trap constructed?

Answer 9

180 ltr oil drum is cut in half and placed over a soakage pit. The drum should be filled with layers of sand, bracken and grass with a hessian cap.

Question 10

What maintenance is required for an improvised grease and soap trap?

Answer 10

The grass and hessian should be replaced and burnt daily.

Question 11

What are the minimum dimensions and construction of a soakage pit?

Answer 11

1m cubed and filled with graduated stones, fine gravel then earth at the top.

Question 12

STU scale of use: How many troops will each support and for how long?

Answer 12

250 Pax, 24Hrs

Question 13

What’s the scale of duration of an improvised grease strainer and soakage pit?

Answer 13

There is no specified time scale, effective operation will determine the duration of use.

Question 14

What is the refuse/ash pit scaling and time?

Answer 14

1 per 100 people 24h

Question 15

What maintenance is required on a refuse/ash pit?

Answer 15

After each use a layer of earth is placed. non-combustibles such as tins and water bottles are to be crushed to reduce size, thus extending the life of the pit.

Question 16

When should a Refuse/ash pit be replaced?

Answer 16

24h or when full to 200mm below the top.

Question 17

What is the scale of use and lifespan of a funnel urinal with soakage pit?

Answer 17

4 funnels per soakage pit will sufficient for 100 men (25 per funnel) for 6 months.

Question 18

What are the dimensions for each funnel urinal?

Answer 18

each funnel is to be placed at 600mm height with the funnel being 300mm in diameter and fitted with an internal strainer.

Question 19

What maintenance is required for a funnel urinal?

Answer 19

Strainers should be checked for blockages and insecticide can be sprayed around the funnels to aid pest prevention.

Question 20

What are the dimensions of trough urinals?

Answer 20

1.8m long and minimum height of 750mm and 1m back plate. Should be built with a slight gradient to allow for drainage and incorporate a strainer at the outlet.

Question 21

What’s the scale of use and duration of a trough urinal?

Answer 21

100 men, 6 months

Question 22

what maintenance is required for a trough urinal?

Answer 22

the corrugated iron can be painted with oil to deter flies, the strainer regularly checked and the trough sprayed with insecticide.

Question 23

What is the female urinal construction?

Answer 23

A fly proof box with self-closing lid over a 22 ltr drum with holes in the bottom. The box height should be 450mm and incorporate a splash plate.

Question 24

What is the scale of use and duration of a female urinal?

Answer 24

one box per 25 women for 6 months.

Question 25

Female urinal maintenance?

Answer 25

the drum is to be emptied of toilet paper and sanitary products daily and incinerated. The area around is to be sprayed regularly with insecticide.

Question 26

What is the construction of a royal engineers grease trap with soakage pit.

Answer 26

900mm long x 300mm wide and 450mm deep with 2 internal baffles. the primary strainer consists of bracken/hessian with a tight fitting lid.

Question 27

What is the duration of use and maintenance required for a RE grease trap?

Answer 27

If correctly built and maintained it will last 6 months. Bracken/hessian and scum between the baffles is to be removed/replaced and burnt daily. Once weekly the trap should be emptied and cleaned.

Question 28

In a hot environment with poor ground filtration what sullage management techniques can be built?

Answer 28

Evaporating pans or herringbone drainage.

Question 29

What is the scale of use for a deep trench latrine and for how long.

Answer 29

5 seats for the first 100 with 3 additional seats per 100 following. 6 months or when 600mm from the surface.

Question 30

Maintenance of a DTL

Answer 30

area to be cleaned daily, 1x bucket water 1x bucket of soil daily. no disinfectant internally, prevents bacterial breakdown of the waste. area around an be sprayed with insecticide but not on the seats.

Question 31

dimensions of a DTL

Answer 31

3.8M long, 2.5 deep, 750mm wide. superstructure on the top 850mm wide 450mm high.