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Classical Civilisations > Temples, priests and sacrifices > Flashcards

Temples, priests and sacrifices Flashcards

1
Q

Sanctuary

A

An area of holy land dedicated to a god or gods that contained the temple and altar

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2
Q

Pollution

A

When a person has done something to make them impure in the eyes of the gods

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3
Q

Colonnade

A

An open-air covered walkway supported by columns

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4
Q

Cella

A

‘Small room’ in Latin and was the room of the temple that contained the cult statue

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5
Q

Opisthomodos

A

The rear room in a temple that contained the city or town’s treasures

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6
Q

Pediment

A

The triangular space at the either end of a temple that either contained sculpture or be left blank

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7
Q

Ionic frieze

A

An unbroken strip of marble that goes all the way around a temple

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8
Q

Doric frieze

A

A continuous strip of stone or marble divided into square spaces called the metopes

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9
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Date

A

472-456 BC

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10
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Architect

A

Libon

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11
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Location

A

In sanctuary called Altis in Olympia

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12
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Material

A

Local limestone

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13
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Style

A

Doric

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14
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Function

A

Treasury and temple

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15
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Significance

A

Building and its decoration symbolised the importance of Zeus, Hercules, Pelops and the Greeks

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16
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Metopes

A

Doric frieze that depicts the 12 labours of Heracles

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17
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Eastern Pediment

A

Story of Oinomaos and Pelops- Symbolises the founding of the Olympic games

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18
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Western Pediment

A

The Centauromachy- The battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs in Thessaly. Symbolic of the Greek victory over barbarians or reason over savage nature

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19
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Cult Statue

A

Added in 448 BC, 13 metres tall. Made from ivory and gold (chryselephantine) built by Phidias, a famous sculptor

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20
Q

The Parthenon - Date

A

432 BC

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21
Q

The Parthenon - Architect

A

Phidias, comissioned by Pericles

22
Q

The Parthenon - Location

A

The Acropolis sanctuary, in Athens

23
Q

The Parthenon - Eastern Pediment

A

Athenas birth

24
Q

The Parthenon - Western Pediment

A

The contest between Athena and Poseidon for the naming of Athens

25
The Parthenon - Ionic Frieze
Above the second row of columns, shows the Panathenaic procession which was part of the Panathenaic festival to honour Athena.
26
The Parthenon - Doric Frieze
92 metope. 34 depict the Centauromachy, the fight between the Lapiths and the Centaurs. Represents civilisation vs barbarism.
27
The Parthenon - Cult statue
Made of gold and ivory (chryselephantine) made by Phidias
28
Temple of Portunus - Located
Forum Boarium
29
Temple of Portunus - Date
120 - 80 BC
30
Temple of Portunus - Architect
Unknown
31
Temple of Portunus - Dedication
Portunus (previously mistaken to be dedicated to fortuna virilis)
32
Temple of Portunus - Material
Locally found stone, tufa and limestone (covered in plaster to imitate marble)
33
Temple of Portunus - Structure
Etruscan : -Concrete podium -Clear front -Steps not running around temple Greek: -Porch -Pediment -Some free-standing columns
34
The Pantheon - Located
Campus Martins - "Field of Mars"
35
The Pantheon - Date
Originally built from 27-25 BCE, but burned down in AD 80, and was rebuilt in 125 AD
36
The Pantheon - Architect
Originally commissioned by Augustus and built by General Agrippa, and later rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian
37
The Pantheon - Dedication
Dedicated to all the gods
38
The Pantheon - Inscription
"Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, built this when consul for the third time" - written on the frieze
39
The Pantheon - Significance
- Best preserved - Rotunda - Oculus - Dome - Several statues placed in the cella
40
Hiereus
Male priest who would carry out sacrifices and oversaw religious rituals
41
Hiereia
Female priest who would carry out sacrifices and oversaw religious rituals
42
Mantis
Greek priests who were prophets. They would observe flight patterns of birds or divine the future by looking at animal entrails
43
Pontiffs
Most important college of priests. Usually 15 of them. Protected temples, regulated burials and inheritance laws, supervised the religious calendar- gave them power for when events would occur in Rome.
44
Pontifex maximus
Lead the pontiffs, and was elected by them for a lifelong rule
45
Augurs
Roman prophets who read the will of the gods through the flight of birds, behaviour of animals or direction of thunder. Read most commonly before a battle, marriage or business transaction.
46
Haruspex
Etruscan origin. Specialised in reading the entrails of sacrificed animals. Would watch how the animal fell to the ground and examine the smoke of the burning animals then read the entrails.
47
Vestal virgins- selection
Out of 20 elegible girls, aged 6-10, 1 is chosen. That girl is no longer under the control of her family and is lead by the Pontifex Maximus to the Temple of Vesta.
48
Vestal virgins- duties
- To guard the sacred flame and ensure that it never went out - To bake the sacread flour, mola salsa, used as sacred sacrifices - To attend certain important state sacrifices - To act as guardians of important documents, such as wills and state treaties
49
Vestal virgins- privileges
- An escort of a lictor, to guard them when they went out in public - Seats of honour at the games in Rome - Freedom to own property, make wills and vote - A platial residence in the forum next to the temple of Vesta
50
Vestal virgins- punishments
- If they let the sacred flame go out, they were whipped - If they were found to have broken their vow of chastity, she was executed by being buried alive, and her lover was publicly whipped.

Classical Civilisations (3 decks)

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