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Classical Civilisations > Temples, priests and sacrifices > Flashcards

Temples, priests and sacrifices Flashcards

1
Q

Sanctuary

A

An area of holy land dedicated to a god or gods that contained the temple and altar

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2
Q

Pollution

A

When a person has done something to make them impure in the eyes of the gods

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3
Q

Colonnade

A

An open-air covered walkway supported by columns

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4
Q

Cella

A

‘Small room’ in Latin and was the room of the temple that contained the cult statue

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5
Q

Opisthomodos

A

The rear room in a temple that contained the city or town’s treasures

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6
Q

Pediment

A

The triangular space at the either end of a temple that either contained sculpture or be left blank

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7
Q

Ionic frieze

A

An unbroken strip of marble that goes all the way around a temple

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8
Q

Doric frieze

A

A continuous strip of stone or marble divided into square spaces called the metopes

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9
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Date

A

472-456 BC

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10
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Architect

A

Libon

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11
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Location

A

In sanctuary called Altis in Olympia

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12
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Material

A

Local limestone

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13
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Style

A

Doric

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14
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Function

A

Treasury and temple

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15
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Significance

A

Building and its decoration symbolised the importance of Zeus, Hercules, Pelops and the Greeks

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16
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Metopes

A

Doric frieze that depicts the 12 labours of Heracles

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17
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Eastern Pediment

A

Story of Oinomaos and Pelops- Symbolises the founding of the Olympic games

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18
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Western Pediment

A

The Centauromachy- The battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs in Thessaly. Symbolic of the Greek victory over barbarians or reason over savage nature

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19
Q

Temple to Zeus at Olympia - Cult Statue

A

Added in 448 BC, 13 metres tall. Made from ivory and gold (chryselephantine) built by Phidias, a famous sculptor

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20
Q

The Parthenon - Date

A

432 BC

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21
Q

The Parthenon - Architect

A

Phidias, comissioned by Pericles

22
Q

The Parthenon - Location

A

The Acropolis sanctuary, in Athens

23
Q

The Parthenon - Eastern Pediment

A

Athenas birth

24
Q

The Parthenon - Western Pediment

A

The contest between Athena and Poseidon for the naming of Athens

25
Q

The Parthenon - Ionic Frieze

A

Above the second row of columns, shows the Panathenaic procession which was part of the Panathenaic festival to honour Athena.

26
Q

The Parthenon - Doric Frieze

A

92 metope. 34 depict the Centauromachy, the fight between the Lapiths and the Centaurs. Represents civilisation vs barbarism.

27
Q

The Parthenon - Cult statue

A

Made of gold and ivory (chryselephantine) made by Phidias

28
Q

Temple of Portunus - Located

A

Forum Boarium

29
Q

Temple of Portunus - Date

A

120 - 80 BC

30
Q

Temple of Portunus - Architect

A

Unknown

31
Q

Temple of Portunus - Dedication

A

Portunus (previously mistaken to be dedicated to fortuna virilis)

32
Q

Temple of Portunus - Material

A

Locally found stone, tufa and limestone (covered in plaster to imitate marble)

33
Q

Temple of Portunus - Structure

A

Etruscan :
-Concrete podium
-Clear front
-Steps not running around temple

Greek:
-Porch
-Pediment
-Some free-standing columns

34
Q

The Pantheon - Located

A

Campus Martins - “Field of Mars”

35
Q

The Pantheon - Date

A

Originally built from 27-25 BCE, but burned down in AD 80, and was rebuilt in 125 AD

36
Q

The Pantheon - Architect

A

Originally commissioned by Augustus and built by General Agrippa, and later rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian

37
Q

The Pantheon - Dedication

A

Dedicated to all the gods

38
Q

The Pantheon - Inscription

A

“Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, built this when consul for the third time” - written on the frieze

39
Q

The Pantheon - Significance

A
  • Best preserved
  • Rotunda
  • Oculus
  • Dome
  • Several statues placed in the cella
40
Q

Hiereus

A

Male priest who would carry out sacrifices and oversaw religious rituals

41
Q

Hiereia

A

Female priest who would carry out sacrifices and oversaw religious rituals

42
Q

Mantis

A

Greek priests who were prophets. They would observe flight patterns of birds or divine the future by looking at animal entrails

43
Q

Pontiffs

A

Most important college of priests. Usually 15 of them. Protected temples, regulated burials and inheritance laws, supervised the religious calendar- gave them power for when events would occur in Rome.

44
Q

Pontifex maximus

A

Lead the pontiffs, and was elected by them for a lifelong rule

45
Q

Augurs

A

Roman prophets who read the will of the gods through the flight of birds, behaviour of animals or direction of thunder. Read most commonly before a battle, marriage or business transaction.

46
Q

Haruspex

A

Etruscan origin. Specialised in reading the entrails of sacrificed animals. Would watch how the animal fell to the ground and examine the smoke of the burning animals then read the entrails.

47
Q

Vestal virgins- selection

A

Out of 20 elegible girls, aged 6-10, 1 is chosen. That girl is no longer under the control of her family and is lead by the Pontifex Maximus to the Temple of Vesta.

48
Q

Vestal virgins- duties

A
  • To guard the sacred flame and ensure that it never went out
  • To bake the sacread flour, mola salsa, used as sacred sacrifices
  • To attend certain important state sacrifices
  • To act as guardians of important documents, such as wills and state treaties
49
Q

Vestal virgins- privileges

A
  • An escort of a lictor, to guard them when they went out in public
  • Seats of honour at the games in Rome
  • Freedom to own property, make wills and vote
  • A platial residence in the forum next to the temple of Vesta
50
Q

Vestal virgins- punishments

A
  • If they let the sacred flame go out, they were whipped
  • If they were found to have broken their vow of chastity, she was executed by being buried alive, and her lover was publicly whipped.

Classical Civilisations (3 decks)

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