Temples Flashcards
Information about the sanctuary
–> Sanctuary to Zeus. Birthplace of Zeus. Games were held here (Olympics), 12 labours of Herakles.
Hera also worshipped here. At the foot of the temple of Mt. Cronos. Where Zeus is meant to have thrown a lightning bolt and claimed the area as his own.
Altar of Zeus
Sacrifice of 100 oxen.
Ashes (mixed with water) formed the altar.
Temple of Zeus (4 points)
- Doric temple
- Metopes showing Lebours of Herakles
- Built 470-457 BC. Pediments show the Pelops story on East; Centauromachy on the Weat.
- Madoe Gold and Ivory (explains why there is not left of it today - takes by theives.)
Who was Phidias? (2 points)
The man that designed:
- The statue of Zeus in the Temple of Zeus
- The statue of Athena in the Pelopeion
What was the story of Pelops? (4 points)
- Pelops wanted to marry Hippodomeia
- Her father (King Oenomaos) challenged him to a chariot race (the loserd would be killed)
- The Chariot keeper bribed by Pelops that if he won he would let him sleep with Hippodomeina if he cut/ground down the wheels.
- Father killed, Pelops won.
Why was the story of Pelops places on the East Pediment?
Beleived to be the start of the Olympic games (along with Heracles)
Give 5 facts about the Temple of Zeus
- East pediment is Oenomaus and Pelops
- West Pediment is Centauromachy
- Doric frieze is Labours of Heracles
- Doric temple
- 6 columns by 13 columns
Give 10 points about the Statue of Zeus in the Temple of Zeus
- One of the ancient wonders of the world. No longer exists
- 13m tall, even though sitting down on throne
- Zeus is made of gold and ivory
- Garland of olive on head
- Holds ivory and gold statue of Victory wearing a ribbon and garland in right hand
- Holds sceptre in left hand
- Eagle on sceptre (Zeus’ bird)
- Gold sandals and robe
- Pool of olive oil in front of statue to maintain the ivory on the statue and gave shimmering reflection of the light
- Designed by Phidias, who also designed statue of Athena in Parthenon
Why was there a pool of olive oil in front of the statues of Zeus? (2 points)
- To keep the ivory on the statues maintained
- To give the statue a shimmering reflection of light
What was the height of the statue of Zeus?
13m
What was the Altar of Zeus made from?
The ash of the thigs of victims sacrificed to Zeus mied with water. (Hecatomb to Zeus in 3rd day of Olympics, so plenty of ash.)
What was a sanctuary (2 points) and what elements did it contain (4 points)?
It was a holy area in a city or town (1) that had a wall to separate it from the city (1), and a temple and an altar dedicated to one or more god/dess (1). Also had fresh water source to cleanse pollution (1).
What were temples used for? (2 points)
- Used to house the cult statues of the God
- Gave residence to Gods who resided on Eath from mount Olympus
Where was the altar (1 point) and why (2 points)?
Outside the temple (1), to please the Gods with the smell fo the meat (1), and the keep the temple clean (1)
What was the axis orientation of the altar?
(Most common) East to West
