Temperature regulation

Question 1

normal core body temp.

Answer 1

37.8 degrees

Question 2

variation in body temperature

Answer 2

• core temperature has to stay relatively constant

- outer temperature can vary depending on external environment

Question 3

normothermia

Answer 3

normal core body temperature for optimum cll metabolism + function

Question 4

temperature measurement

Answer 4

• can be in ear 35.5 - 37.5 norm

- rectum - 36.7 - 37.5

Question 5

lowest body temp.

Answer 5

during morning

Question 6

4 ways of heat gain

Answer 6

metabolism, radiation, convection and conduction

Question 7

4 methods of heat loss

Answer 7

evaporation, radiation, convection + conduction

Question 8

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 8

minimum metabolic rate required to maintain vital cell functions

Question 9

B.M.R

Answer 9

maintains bodies core temperature through heat production, can be increased by hormones

Question 10

Heat gain/ loss through radiation

Answer 10

energy gained/ lost depending on external environment - is greater in cold environments
- greatest proportion of heat loss

Question 11

Heat gain/ loss through conduction

Answer 11

heat gained/lot through contact

small proportion of energy loss, effected by external environment

Question 12

Heat gain/ loss through convection

Answer 12

surrounding air/water heated by conduction, currents move warm air away - more heat loss through convection- conduction
- fans + wind increase heat loss via convection

Question 13

acute temperature regulation by what organ and what method

Answer 13

hypothalamus by negative feed back loops

Question 14

area of hypothalamus activated by heat + method of reducing temp.

Answer 14

anterior hypothalamus (ahh anterior hypothalamus activated by heat)
- sympathetic innervation increases sweating

Question 15

area of hypothalamus activated by cold

Answer 15

posterior hypothalamus

- sympathetic innervation increases muscle tone + vasoconstriction

Question 16

how fever increases core body temp.

Answer 16

1) infection detected by W.B.C
2) macrophages release endogenous pyrogens
3) stimulates the release of prostaglandins in hypothalamus
4) increases set point so core body temp. increases