Temperature And Phases Of Matter Flashcards
Temperature and pressure are
Proportional
By changing temperature and pressure it is possible to get solid, liquid and gas at the same time. This is called the….
Triple point
A phase diagram has … on the y axis and … on the x axis
Pressure against temperature
By increasing the pressure of water you can
Get from water vapour to water provided that temperature is greater or equal to waters triple point
What’s water triple point
0.01•C at a pressure of 0.61kPa
Temperature is
A measure of how things are hot or cold
How hot or cold an object is related to
Kinetic energy
What are the 2 points that the Absolute scale is based on
Absolute zero and the triple point of water because both of these fixed no matter where you are in the universe
What’s the triple point of water in degrees
0.01•C
What’s the triple point of water in kelvin
273.16K
Define heating
The transfer of energy from a region of higher temperature to one at a lower temperature.
Object A has a higher temperature than object B. Object A and object B are touching. Describe the way object B is heated.
Object B is heated by object A. Object A is heating object B
If body A is in thermal equilibrium with body B and body B is also in thermal equilibrium with body C. Then…
Body A and body C must be in thermal equilibrium with each other and all the bodies will have the same temperature
The phases of matter are
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What are the two points that the degree Celsius is based on
The freezing point of water and the boiling point of water at 1 atmospheric pressure
Define the triple point
A specific temperature and pressure where the 3 phases of matter can exist in thermal equilibrium.
The kinetic model describes
How all substances are made up of atoms or molecules. Which are arranged differently depending non the phase of the substance
Using the kinetic model, how are atoms or molecules are arranged in solids
In solids the atoms or molecules are regularly arranged and packed closely together with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between them holding them in fixed positions, but they can still vibrate so have still some kinetic energy.
Using the kinetic model, how atoms or molecules arranged in liquids ?
In liquids the atoms or molecules are still very close together but they have more kinetic energy than in solids. They can also change position and flow past each other.
Using the kinetic model, how are atoms or molecules arranged in gases
In gases the atoms or molecules have more kinetic energy than those in liquid and they are further apart. They are free to move past each other as there are negligible electrostatic forces between them, unless they collide with each other or the walls of the container. They move randomly with different speeds in different directions
Describe what happens when a solid is heated.
When a solid is heated, the particles gain more energy and vibrate more vigorously. Eventually they may break away from the solid structure and become free to move around, meaning it has turned into a liquid.
Describe what happens when a liquid is heated.
When a liquid is heated, some of the particles gain enough energy to break away from other particles. The particles which escapes from the body of the liquid become a gas
Why is ice less dense than water?
Because the particles in a solid arrangement are held slightly further apart than the particles in their random arrangement in liquid water
Define the internal energy
the sum of the randomly distributed electrostatic kinetic and potential energies of atoms or molecules within the substance.