Temperature and Matter Flashcards
Name of system wall that prevents exchange of heat?
Adiabatic
Name of system that has not external exchange of energy or particles?
Microcanical ensemble
Name of system that allows external heat but not particle transfer?
Canonical ensemble
Name of system wall that allows external heat but not particle transfer?
Diathermal
Name of system with external heat and particle exchange?
Grand canonical ensemble
Example of intensive variables?
Pressure, density, temperature and applied magnetic field.
Examples of extensive variables?
Volume, total mass, number of particles
Ideal gas law?
PV=nRT
Or
PV=NkT
What is the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics?
If A and B are in thermal equilibrium; and, B and C are in thermal equilibrium, then A and C are in thermal equilibrium.
What does the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics imply about temperature?
It’s a universal quantity
What is 0 Kelvin in degrees?
-273.15 degrees
What is the triple point of water?
The point at which water can exist in all three states of matter - 273.16 Kelvin
Give an example of a state variable.
Pressure, density, temperature or volume.
What variables need to be known to fully describe any fluid?
Any two of pressure, density and temperature.
What’s the first law of thermodynamics?
The change of the internal energy of a system equals the heat transferred to the system plus the work done on the system.
How can the work done on a system be found from a P-V diagram?
Area under the graph.
What’s an isohoric change?
A change with constant volume.
What’s the work done on the system in an isohoric change? What does the the change in internal energy equal for an isohoric change?
- 🔺U=Q.
What’s an adiabatic change?
A change that involves no heat transfer. Q=0.
What is the change in internal energy in an adiabatic change?
🔺U=W
What’s an isothermal change?
A change where the temperature of the system remains constant.
What is the relationship between pressure an volume in an isothermal change?
P is proportional to 1/V
What is a reversible process?
A process which may be reversed by an infinitesimal change in the external conditions.
dU=dQ-PdV
For an ideal gas how does the heat capacity vary with temperature?
It doesn’t it’s constant
For an ideal gas how does the internal energy relate to the temperature?
U is proportional to T
