temperature and ideal gases Flashcards
Thermal Equilibrium
When there is no net heat/energy transfer between two connected bodies, given that their temperature is constant.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
if A is in equilibrium with B, and B is in equilibrium with C, A is in equilibrium with C
Absolute zero
the temperature at which a system has minimum internal energy (not zero)
Specific heat Capacity
energy required per unit mass of the substance to raise the temperature by 1 Kelvin
Specific Latent Heat
Amount of heat energy required per unit mass to change the state of matter of an object.
Specific latent heat of fusion
energy required per unit mass of a substance to change from solid to liquid phase without any change in temperature
Specific latent heat of vaporization
energy required per unit mass of a substance to change from liquid to gas phase without any change in temperature
The specific latent heat of vaporization is always greater than that of fusion for a given substance because
During vaporization, greater increase in volume than in fusion; thus more work done against the atmosphere
In vaporization, particles need to be separated further apart than in fusion, so more work is done against forces of attraction when vaporizing
Internal energy
sum of random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of molecules in a system
The first law of thermodynamics
the increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the sum of heat supplied to the system and the work done on the system
ΔU=q+w
ΔU: increase in internal energy of the system
Q: heat supplied to the system
W: work done on the system
A Mole
the amount of substance containing the same number of particles as in 12g of carbon-12
Basic Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of Gases
Gas contains large no. of particles
Negligible intermolecular forces of attraction
The volume of particles is negligible compared to the container
Collisions between particles are perfectly elastic
No time spent in collisions
Average k.e. directly proportional to absolute temp.
