Temperature and Heat

Question 1

Quantitative measure of hotness or coldness of a body

Answer 1

temperature

Question 2

How does thermometer work

Answer 2

1. The thermometer is placed in contact with the body
2. The thermometer becomes hotter, the body cools off a little
3. Thermal equilibrium

Question 3

“If a system C is initially in thermal
equilibrium with both systems A and B, then A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other”

Answer 3

Zeroth Law of Dynamics

Question 4

Two systems are in thermal equilibrium if and only if they have the same ___________.

Answer 4

temperature

Question 5

The Measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in the object

Answer 5

temperature

Question 6

The ______ and ______
determine the temperature
of the object

Answer 6

atoms mass and speed

Question 7

Celsius (°C)

Boiling point of water
increments
Freezing Point of Water
Absolute Zero

Answer 7

100 °C
100
0°C
-273.15 °C

Question 8

Fahrenheit (°F)

Boiling point of water
increments
Freezing Point of Water
Absolute Zero

Answer 8

212 °F
180
32 °F
-459.67 °F

Question 9

Kelvin (K)

Boiling point of water
increments
Freezing Point of Water
Absolute Zero

Answer 9

373.15 K
100
273.15 K
0 K

Question 10

Rankine (°R)

Boiling point of water
increments
Freezing Point of Water
Absolute Zero

Answer 10

671.64 °R
180
491.67 °R
0 °R

Question 11

Change in physical dimensions
when subjected to change in temperature

Answer 11

thermal expansion

Question 12

Most materials expand when __________

Answer 12

heated

Question 13

The thermometer can measure
temperature because

Answer 13

the substance of the liquid inside
always expands (increases) or
contracts (decreases) by a certain
amount due to a change in temperature

Question 14

is a strip that consists of two strips of different metals which expand at different rates as they are heated

is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement.

Answer 14

Bimetallic strip

Question 15

is defined as the transfer of energy across the boundary of a system due to a temperature difference between the system and its surroundings.

Answer 15

Heat

Question 16

energy transfer that takes place solely because of a temperature difference

Answer 16

Heat flow/ heat transfer

Question 17

Heat is measured by the units of

Answer 17

calorie and joule(J).

Question 18

The amount of energy needed to raise thetemperatureof1gram of water by 1Co (from 14.5oC to 15.5oC)

Answer 18

calorie

Question 19

1 calorie= _______ J

Answer 19

4.186

Question 20

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1lb of water by 1Fo (from63oF to 64oF)

Answer 20

British thermal unit (Btu)

Question 21

1 Btu = _______ kcal = J

Answer 21

0.252
1055

Question 22

The _______ of a particular sample of substance is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of that by 1°C.

Answer 22

heat capacity C

Question 23

The ___________ of a substance is the heat capacity per unit mass.

a measure of how thermally insensitive a substance is to the addition of energy

Answer 23

specific heat capacity c

Question 24

the ___________ the material’s specific heat, the more energy must be added to a given mass of the material to cause a particular temperature change

Answer 24

greater

Question 25

Energy that can be transferred from one body to another due to

Answer 25

temperature difference

Question 26

The object with bigger c has ______ change in temperature compared to an object with smaller c

Answer 26

less

Question 27

The value of the specific heat of a gas depends on whether the ____________ is held constant.

This distinction is not important for solids.

Answer 27

pressure or volume

Gases: Specific heat depends on the process because gases can expand and do work on their surroundings. 𝑐𝑝 > 𝑐𝑣

Solids: Expansion is negligible, so the distinction between constant pressure and constant volume is not important. Only one specific heat value is typically used.

Question 28

• is the science of measuring changes in parameters
• of chemical reactions, physical changes, and phase transitions
• for the purpose of deriving the heat associated with those changes.

Answer 28

calorimetry

Question 29

is any object or set of objects that we wish to consider

Answer 29

SYSTEM

Question 30

• No mass enters or leaves but energy can be exchanged with the environment.
• ________ - if no energy in any form passes across its boundaries

Answer 30

Closed system
Isolated

Question 31

Mass may enter or leave as may energy

Answer 31

Open system

Question 32

If there is no heat loss to the surroundings, the heat lost by the hotter object equals the heat gained by the cooler ones

Answer 32

Conservation of energy

heat lost = heat gained

Question 33

transition from one phase (solid, liquid, gas) to another.

Answer 33

Phase change

Question 34

During a ___________, the temperature of the mixture does not change (provided the system is in thermal equilibrium).

When we add heat to ice at 0⁰C at normal atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the ice does not increase. Instead, some of it melts to form liquid water.

The effect of adding heat to this system is not to raise its temperature but to change its _________ (solid-liquid)

Answer 34

phase change
phase (solid-liquid)

Question 35

_________ - transition between states of matter
- it requires transfer of ________

Answer 35

Phase change
energy

Question 36

required heat for transition between solid and liquid states

Answer 36

Latent Heat of Fusion, Lf

(to fuse means “to combine by melting”)

Question 37

water Lf

Answer 37

3.34 x 10^5 J/kg

Question 38

Required heat for transition between liquid and gas states

Answer 38

Latent Heat of Vaporization, Lv

(the liquid “vaporizes”)

Question 39

water Lv

Answer 39

2.256 x10^6 J/kg