Telenchalon Flashcards
Which structure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
central sulcus
longitudinal fissure
lateral sulcus
longitudinal fissure
Explanation
The longitudinal fissure divides the hemispheres.
The outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres is called the cortex.
True
False
True
Explanation
This statement is true: the outer surface of the hemispheres is called the cerebral cortex which consists of gray matter that is thrown into elevations called gyri that are separated by grooves called sulci.
Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?
lateral
cingulate
central
Central
Explanation
The central sulcus divides the frontal and parietal lobes. The lateral sulcus divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes, and the cingulate cortex separates the cingulate gyrus (part of limbic lobe) from the overlying cortex.
Which gyri correspond to the primary somatosensory cortex?
precentral and anterior paracentral gyri
postcentral and posterior paracentral gyri
pransverse temporal gyri
lingual gyrus and the cuneus
postcentral and posterior paracentral gyri
Explanation
The postcentral and posterior paracentral gyri correspond to primary somatosensory cortex. The precentral and anterior paracentral gyri correspond to primary motor cortex; the transverse temporal gyri correspond to primary auditory cortex, and the lingual gyrus and cuneus correspond to primary visual cortex.
Which of the following areas of the frontal lobe carry out motor functions? Select all that apply.
primary motor area
premotor area
supplementary motor area
frontal eye fields
Wernicke’s area
primary motor area, premotor area, supplementary motor area, frontal eye fields
A major function of the frontal lobe is motor control (planning and execution). Motor areas of the frontal lobe include: primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, frontal eye fields, and Broca’s area (expressive language functions). Wernicke’s area is formed by parts of the temporal and parietal lobes and it is important for language comprehensions (receptive language functions).
Which gyrus is considered part of the inferior parietal lobule?
supramarginal gyrus
lingual gyrus
cuneus
supramarginal gyrus
Explanation
The inferior parietal lobule consists of the supramarginal and angular gyri. The lingual gyrus and cuneus are located in the occipital lobe and form primary visual cortex.
Which of the following is a key function of the temporal lobe?
allows us to determine the location of objects with reference to our body
allows us to identify what an object is
allows us to plan and execute movements
allows us to identify what an object is
Explanation
The temporal lobe as multiple functions including: termination of the ventral stream of vision (which allows us to be able to identify objects and faces); auditory processing; memory formation; and social cognition.
Which of the following parts of the corpus callosum will connect motor and sensory areas of the right and left hemispheres?
genu
body
splenium
body
Explanation
The corpus callosum consists of several parts: rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. The body will connect the motor, sensory and auditory areas of the right and left hemispheres. The rostrum will connect connects the frontal-basal aspects of the right and left hemispheres; the genu will connect the prefrontal cortices and the anterior cingulate cortex; and the splenium will connect the posterior parietal areas and the occipital cortices.
The internal capsule contains both descending and ascending fibers connecting the cortex with subcortical structures.
True
False
True
This statement is true: the internal capsule contains both efferent and afferent fibers that connect the cortex with subcortical structures.
Which limb of the internal capsule will contain the corticospinal tract?
anterior limb
genu
posterior limb
sublenticular limb
posterior limb
Explanation
The internal capsule consists of 5 separate parts: anterior limb, genu, posterior limb, sublenticular limb and the retrolenticular limb. The posterior limb contains the corticospinal tract and the superior thalamic radiations (carrying information from thalamic relay nuclei (VPL, VPM, VA, VL) to the cortex. The anterior limb contains the anterior thalamic radiations connecting the dorsomedial and anterior thalamic nuclei with the frontal lobe and cingulate cortex (limbic system); genu contains the corticonuclear tract; sublenticular limb contains the auditory radiations which connect the medial geniculate body with the primary auditory cortex, and the retrolenticular limb contains the optic radiations which connect the lateral geniculate body with the primary visual cortex.
The basal nuclei consist of the caudate nucleus and the lenticular nucleus.
True
False
True
Explanation
This statement is true: the caudate nucleus, and the putamen and globus pallidus (forming the lenticular nucleus) are the basal nuclei
Damage to which of the following arteries would impact motor areas of the cortex that control the upper limb?
anterior cerebral
posterior cerebral
middle cerebral
middle cerebral
Explanation
The middle cerebral artery provides blood supply to the motor areas of cortex that serve the upper limb. The anterior cerebral artery supplies motor areas of the cortex that serve the lower limb. The posterior cerebral artery doesn’t supply motor areas.
Damage to which of the following arteries might impact the functioning of the internal capsule? Select all that apply.
anterior cerebral
posterior cerebral
middle cerebral
middle cerebral & anterior cerebral
Explanation
The vast majority of the internal capsule receives its blood supply from branches of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
