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Year 2 Parasitology > Teladorsagia > Flashcards

Teladorsagia Flashcards

1
Q

Name of this parasite

A
  1. need to know both name and genera.

TELADORSAGIA CIRCUMCINCTA!

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2
Q

What is significant about this nematode?

A

IT is the most important worm for causing gastrointestinal disease in sheep and goats

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3
Q

Parasitic gastro enteritis in sheep

A

PGE
• Multiple species of nematodes cause PGE most predominant is Teladorsagia Circumcincta and also likely to be presence of Trichostrongylus species
• Major cause of disease and production losses around the world.
o Animal welfare and production
• Historically PGE was controlled by repeated treatment with anthelmintic, this has led to widespread, multi-drug resistance, a major problem facing the industry.

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4
Q

Why is location of the nematode in the gastrointestinal tract significant?

A

Helps with

  1. Identification of the nematode
  2. In the Pathology of Disease
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5
Q

What nematodes would you expect to find in the Abomasum of sheep?

A
  1. Teladorsagia circumcincta
  2. Trichostrongylus axei
  3. Haemonchus contortus
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6
Q

What nematodes would you expect to find in the SI of sheep?

A
  1. Nematodirus spp
  2. Trichostrongylus spp
  3. Cooperia spp
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7
Q

What worms would you expect to find in the large intestine of cattle and sheep

A
  1. Chabertia spp
  2. Oesophagostomum spp
  3. Trichuris spp
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8
Q

talk about Teladorsagia circumcincta

A
  1. Sheep and goat parasite
  2. Found in abomasum
  3. Naturally a pinky brown colour
  4. 1cm length, females larger than males
  5. causes PGE, significant impact on productivity and welfare/health
  6. Both males and females have fine cervical papillae (roll worm around to identify) Extensions of cuticle
  7. Males have a bursa and spicules (finger like projections that fan out) Relatively short and dark staining!
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9
Q

Broad overview of Teladorsagia circumcincta life cycle

A

Just one host involved. No intermediate host
1. Free Living: On Pasture
Egg - L1 - L2 - L3
Egg to L3 development is temperature dependent
2. Host eats pasture with L3 on
3. Parasitic stage. Inside sheep L4 - L5

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10
Q

What type of lifecycle is that of TC

A
  1. DIRECT - just one host animal involved
  2. Free living stages on pasture
  3. Host - sheep
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11
Q

Starting from adult worm, talk through lifecycle 2 until egg

A
  1. Adult worm in abomasum

2. mates and female produce barrel shaped, thin walled eggs, 90 microns (um) in length containing morula

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12
Q

What is a morula

A

• Undifferentiated mass of material

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13
Q

Starting from Egg talk through life cycle 3

A
  1. Eggs develop in faecal pat
  2. First stage larva (L1) in egg
  3. L1 hatches
  4. Feeds on bacteria in faecal pat
  5. Grows and moults to L2 (loss of outer cuticle)
  6. L2 moults to L3; L3 is ‘ensheathed’
    - Essentially keeps L2 cuticle on outside and L3 on inside, double layered. This protects the L3
  7. L3 released from the faecal pat by rain splash
  8. L3 is the infective stage, found on grass
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14
Q

From L3 talk about life cycle 4

A
  • Sheep eat L3 as they graze
  • L3 swallowed and reaches abomasum
  • Burrows into gastric glands
  • Develops to L4 and L5
  • L5 (immature adults) emerge from gland, into lumen of abomasum
  • Matures to adult, males and females lay eggs
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15
Q

Which stage is the infective stage and where it is found in TC life cycle?

A
  1. L3 is the infective stage

found on grass

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16
Q

What is the pre patent period?

A

• Time taken from the time of infection (ingesting L3) to having patency (the detection of eggs in the faeces)

17
Q

What is a patent infection?

A

• A patent infection is one that can be detected e.g. by detecting eggs in faeces

18
Q

What is the Pre patent period of Telodorsagia? and name others that have same PPP

A
  1. PPP is 3 weeks for telodorsagia, cuperia and triclostrongyle
19
Q

Pathogenesis of Telodorsagia circumcincta causing PGE

A
  1. LARGE number of developing larvae (L4-L5)
    40,000 +
  2. Damage caused by developing larvae damaging the gastric glands and emerging as L5.
20
Q

What is the function of the gastric glands?

A

• Contain acid producing parietal cells
o Maintains acid pH in abomasum
o Bacteriostatic
o Converts pepsinogen to pepsin

21
Q

The damage caused to the gastric glands results in what?

A
  • Damage glands
  • Parietal cells replaced by undifferentiated epithelial cells
  • Loss of acid production
  • Increase in abomasal pH
  • Loss of bacteriostatic effect
  • No conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin
  • Increased permeability of mucosa
22
Q

What are the clinical signs of the disease?

A 
Typically first season grazing lambs
•	Profuse watery diarrhoea
•	Weight loss
•	Inappetence
•	Dehydration
•	Death
23
Q

Sub clinical signs of the disease

A
  • Poor weight gain
  • Reduced appetite
  • Reduced feed intake
  • Loss of plasma proteins into GI tract

Clinical = b. Profuse watery diarrhoea, Weight loss, Inappetence, Dehydration, Death

24
Q

What is Hypobiosis?

A
  1. The arrested development of larvae within the host in response to a trigger received by the free living L3
  2. So the parasite stops development in host and eventually carries on possible several months later!
25
Q

What causes Telodorsagia to hyperbiose?

A
  1. drop in ambient temperature in the autumn
  2. Stimulates L3 to hypobiose when ingested
  3. Accumulation of L4 larvae in the mucosa – TT and C
  4. Trigger in late winter/early spring
  5. Early spring parasite starts to continue development
  6. Simultaneous resumption of development of hypobiosed larvae (L4 —– L5

Year 2 Parasitology (8 decks)

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