teenager pregnancy Flashcards
teenager pregnancy outcome in U>S
1 in 4 teen pregnant : 51% live birth 35% induced abortion 14 % SAB or stillbirth 25% repeat pregnancies
demographic of teenager pregnancy
80% poverty
>50% low academic achievement
Early adolescent : 14 & under
very minimal ability to see herself in the future and connect current actions with future events and consequences
perceives lowcus of control as external: her destiny is controlled by others such as parents and school authorities
not uncommon for girls in this very yound age grup to be impregnated by adult males over age 18
middle adolescents: 15-17 years old
seeks independence from family and turns to peer group for identification
invincible
wants to be treated as adult however fear of adult responsibility will cause fluctuation in behavior
very challenging time for parents and families
beginning to move from concrete thinking to formal operation thought but wtill is not able to anticipate long term consequences of her present action
no conscious decision is made about being sexually active is common, and initial experieince of sex often is not planned
thinking “it won’t happen to me” is common
late adolescence: 18-19
ability to think abstractly and anticipate consequences
capable of formal operation thought and can solve problem, conceptualize and more easily make decision
for this reason, may experts in adolescent pregnancy consider age 18-19 to be in the category of an adult.
influences on teen sexuality & pregnancy
hx child sexual abuse lack of father in the home older siblings parents work full time minimal supervision her mother was a teen parent
locus of control
–> external orientation
the forces that determine their life event are outside of their control, and that situations are guided by a sense of fate or luck
locus of control
–> internal orientation
feel the ability to bring about change and results in their own behavior
in late adolescence locus of control changes from external to internal. teens with future goals such as college or a job use birth control more consistently
higher sense of self-esteem–> stronger internal locus of control ability to withstand sexual pressures of peer behavior and boyfriend, and to use birth control methods
young teen girls are subject to massive media & peer images of ideal appearance self esteem already tenuous in adolescence , can negatively influence behavior and decision making.
influences on teen sexuality & pregnancy
cultures : media glamorize early & public sexuality
resources: poverty no access to birth control
physical maturity : occurs prior to cognitive maturity, attracts male attention before ability to understand how to deal with it.
pregnant teens & physical abuse
more common in pregnant adolescents than older pregnant women
screening should be done in private every trimester
age of consent, rape, legal issues
Pregnancy potential problems
late to prenatal care 2x rate of low birth weight & SGA infant 3x infant mortality preterm labor preeclampsia anemia STD's especially Chlamydia substance abuse (binge drinking)
Psychosocial potential problems due to teenage pregnancy
limited education persistence of poverty unstable family structure poor parenting repeat pregnancy
Midwifery care Issues
midwifery relationship : avenue for change
continuity of care important to teens to establish relationship
centering pregnancy : growth & empowerment
repeat pregnancy prevention: pregnant teens are very likely to have another pregnancy within 2 years studies show 40-45% repeat as teens !!!
teenage pregnancy & nutrition
poor diet : deficient in calcium iron regular meals
weight gain: body image issues adolescent obesity
