Tectonics - Geography Flashcards
What is the Earth’s outer layer called?
The crust.
Opportunities of Living near a volcano
Tourism
Bio - fuels
Sulfur mining
Fertile soils
Creates new land
How do you predict volcanoes
Minor earthquakes
Remote sensors for ground defamation
Gas emissions
Change in temperature
What are the three main types of plate boundaries?
Divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.
Which boundary type is characterized by plates moving apart?
Divergent boundary.
What geological feature is often formed at a convergent boundary?
Mountain ranges or deep ocean trenches.
Impacts of volcanic eruption:
Loss of life and injury
Destruction of buildings
Transport network
Loss of jobs/business
Loss of crops
Power/water supply damage
Environmental damage
Closure of airports
What is subduction?
The process where one tectonic plate moves under another plate.
What will worsen effects of volcanic eruption
Proximity of population
Planning + Preparation
Magnitude
Type of volcano
Amount of ash ejected into atmosphere
What is the Ring of Fire?
A major area in the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
Features of composite volcano?
Steep-sided
Sticky (viscous lava)
More explosive eruptions
Formed from alternating layers
of ash and lava
Form on destructive plate margin
What type of fault is created by shear stress?
Strike-slip fault.
What is an earthquake’s point of origin called?
The focus
Features of a shield volcano?
Gently - sloping sides
Runny/thin lava
Less explosive
Form on constructive plate margins/hotspots
Frequent eruptions
What is a volcanic hotspot?
An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust.
Characteristics of a volcanic eruption
Lahars - fast moving mudflow made from melted ice
Ash - small pieces of pulverised solid lava
Pyroclastic flows - fast moving, very hot clouds of poisonous gas with ash
Earthquakes
Volcanic bombs - fragments of volcanic rock ejected from volcano
Lava
Features of an earthquake :
Violent, sudden shaking of ground
Pressure release
Occur mostly at plate boundaries
Happen at all plate boundaries
Destructive = stronger
Constructive = weaker
Wha affects how severe earthquake impacts are:
Building/construction - design
Building density
Population density
Magnitude of earthquake
Geology
Distance from epicentre
Depth
Why do people stay in earthquake zones
Uneducated about risk
Trust building design
Jobs located there
Friends/Family tie
Why are earthquake impacts lower in MEDC’s
Shutters on windows prevent falling glass
Flexible building materials
Deep foundations
Frames which sway with earthquake tremors
Rubber shock absorbers
Reinforced walls/pillars
Fire resistant materials
What is a section of the earths crust?
Plate
What is the movement of plates
Tectonic activity
Difference of oceanic and continental plates
Oceanic - Thinner, denser, younger
Continental - Thicker, less dense, older
Distribution of Earthquakes
Plate boundaries
Destructive - plates move together
Constructive - plates move together/apart
Conservative - plates move side by side
Long,narrow belts
Pacific Ring of Fire
