Tectonics And Hazards

Question 1

What are the 4 types of evidence for continental drift theory?

Answer 1

Biological-similar fossils found in each country
Climatological- striations from glaciers inBrazil match those found in Africa
Geological- multiple rock types in different continents are the same
Continental drift- continents look like they match

Question 2

What’s the definition of Benioff zone?

Answer 2

Point at which pressure is released from subduction

Question 3

Describe palaeomagnetism

Answer 3

Dating of rocks on the ocean floor. The further away from a boundary the older they are.

Question 4

How is liquefaction dangerous to people?

Answer 4

Liquefaction occurs in soil and makes it weaker after an earthquake. This can cause building to tilt or collapse and cause harm to people.

Question 5

What is a tsunami?

Answer 5

Giant sea waves generated by shallow focus underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, debris slides.

Question 6

What effects the impacts of a tsunami?

Answer 6

Duration of tsunami 
Wave amplitude
Gradient on shore line 
Timing of event 
Coastal ecosystem 
Degree of coastal development

Question 7

What are characteristics of 3 seismic waves

Answer 7

P waves- go through rocks and fluid and are the quickest
S waves- second fastest and only go through rocks
L waves- fastest type of body wave

Question 8

Define focal depth

Answer 8

Depth at which an earthquake starts. Divided into shallow intermediate and deep

Question 9

Define fault

Answer 9

Fractures in the earths rock that makes up the entire earths crust

Question 10

Define hypo-centre

Answer 10

The point at which a earthquake begins within the earth

Question 11

Define Epicentre

Answer 11

The point on the surface of a rupture directly above the hypo-centre

Question 12

Define Seismic waves

Answer 12

Waves that transmit energy released by an earthquake

Question 13

Define plates

Answer 13

Slabs that make the outer layer of the earths surface