tectonics Flashcards
What is the primary driving force behind tectonic plate movement?
Convection currents in the Earth’s mantle.
True or False: The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates.
True.
Fill in the blank: The boundary where two tectonic plates move apart is called a ________ boundary.
divergent.
What type of tectonic boundary is characterized by plates sliding past each other?
Transform boundary.
Name the three main types of plate boundaries.
Divergent, convergent, and transform.
What geological feature is commonly formed at a convergent boundary?
Mountain ranges or deep ocean trenches.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a divergent boundary? A) San Andreas Fault B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge C) Himalayas
B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
What is subduction?
The process where one tectonic plate moves under another plate and is forced into the mantle.
True or False: Earthquakes are primarily associated with plate boundaries.
True.
What is the Ring of Fire?
A major area in the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the layer of the Earth that is composed of solid rock and forms the tectonic plates.
lithosphere.
What is the difference between oceanic and continental crust?
Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than continental crust.
Multiple Choice: Which type of boundary is responsible for the formation of volcanic islands? A) Divergent B) Transform C) Convergent
C) Convergent.
What phenomenon occurs at transform boundaries that can lead to significant seismic activity?
Faulting.
True or False: The Himalayas were formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates.
True.
What is a hotspot?
An area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume, leading to volcanic activity.
Fill in the blank: The ________ is a scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
Richter scale.
What is a tsunami?
A series of ocean waves caused by large underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary? A) Convergent B) Divergent C) Static
C) Static.
What is the primary cause of volcanic eruptions at divergent boundaries?
Magma rising to fill the gap created by separating plates.
True or False: The San Andreas Fault is an example of a convergent boundary.
False.
What are tectonic plates primarily composed of?
Silicate rocks.
Fill in the blank: A ________ is a crack in the Earth’s crust along which movement has occurred.
fault.
What is the term for the process of rock formation and alteration due to tectonic forces?
Tectonism.
Multiple Choice: Which tectonic plate is the largest? A) North American Plate B) Eurasian Plate C) Pacific Plate
C) Pacific Plate.
What is a rift valley?
A lowland region formed by the divergence of tectonic plates.
What are the three main types of plate boundaries?
Divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.
True or False: Divergent boundaries are where tectonic plates move apart.
True.
Fill in the blank: At convergent boundaries, one plate _____ beneath another.
subducts.
What geological feature is commonly formed at divergent boundaries?
Mid-ocean ridges.
Multiple choice: Which type of boundary is associated with the formation of mountains?
Convergent boundary.
What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault an example of?
Transform boundary.
True or False: Transform boundaries create new crust.
False.
What is a common result of the movement at transform boundaries?
Earthquakes.
Fill in the blank: The boundary where an oceanic plate meets a continental plate is typically a _____ boundary.
convergent.
What type of feature is a subduction zone?
A region where one plate sinks beneath another.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a feature of divergent boundaries?
Rift valleys.
What is created at oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries?
Island arcs.
True or False: Rift valleys are formed at transform boundaries.
False.
What do convergent boundaries primarily cause?
Mountain building and volcanic activity.
Fill in the blank: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a _____ boundary.
divergent.
What kind of earthquakes are typically found at transform boundaries?
Shallow-focus earthquakes.
Multiple choice: Which type of plate boundary involves the collision of plates?
Convergent boundary.
What type of volcanic feature is most commonly associated with subduction zones?
Volcanic arcs.
True or False: Divergent boundaries are often found at mid-ocean ridges.
True.
What geological process occurs at transform boundaries?
Lateral sliding of tectonic plates.
Fill in the blank: The Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet at a _____ boundary.
transform.
What happens to oceanic crust at a convergent boundary with continental crust?
The oceanic crust subducts beneath the continental crust.
Multiple choice: What feature is typically formed at a divergent boundary?
New ocean floor.
What is the primary driving force behind plate tectonics?
Mantle convection.
True or False: Plate boundaries can cause both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
True.
Fill in the blank: The Himalayas are an example of mountains formed by _____ boundaries.
convergent.
What year did the Haiti earthquake occur?
2010
What was the magnitude of the Haiti earthquake on the Richter scale?
7.0
True or False: The epicenter of the earthquake was located near Port-au-Prince.
True
What was the estimated death toll from the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
Approximately 230,000 people
Fill in the blank: The Haiti earthquake occurred on January __, 2010.
12
Which tectonic plates are involved in the Haiti earthquake?
Caribbean Plate and North American Plate
What type of fault movement caused the Haiti earthquake?
Strike-slip fault
How many people were displaced as a result of the earthquake?
Over 1.5 million
True or False: The earthquake caused significant damage to the Haitian government buildings.
True
What was the primary reason for the extensive damage in Haiti?
Poor infrastructure and building codes
Which international organization provided significant aid after the earthquake?
United Nations
What percentage of the buildings in Port-au-Prince were destroyed or severely damaged?
Around 70%
Fill in the blank: The earthquake had a depth of approximately __ kilometers.
13
What was the main challenge faced during the immediate aftermath of the earthquake?
Access to affected areas and distribution of aid
True or False: The earthquake was followed by a large number of aftershocks.
True
What was one major health concern following the earthquake?
Cholera outbreak
Which city was most affected by the 2010 earthquake?
Port-au-Prince
What was the primary cause of the high casualty rate in the earthquake?
Collapse of poorly constructed buildings
Fill in the blank: The international response included over __ countries providing aid.
100
What natural disaster has Haiti been historically prone to?
Earthquakes and hurricanes
True or False: Haiti is located on the boundary of the Caribbean and North American tectonic plates.
True
What long-term impact did the earthquake have on Haiti’s economy?
Severe economic disruption and increased poverty
How did the earthquake impact educational facilities in Haiti?
Many schools were destroyed or damaged
What is the name of the fault line associated with the Haiti earthquake?
Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault
Fill in the blank: The earthquake was one of the deadliest in __ history.
modern
