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Geography Case Studies > Tectonics > Flashcards

Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Nepal earthquake?

A

2015

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2
Q

What magnitude was the Nepal earthquake?

A

7.8

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3
Q

How many people died/were injured in the Nepal earthquake?

A

8,600 died
21,000 injured

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4
Q

How many people made homeless due to the Nepal earthquake?

A

3 million

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5
Q

Why was the Nepal earthquake so devastating?

A

Vulnerable, weak infrastructure couldn’t withstand the shaking
Mountainous areas - landslides
Lack of a warning system
Emergency services relied on international aid

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6
Q

Long term effects of the Nepal earthquake

A

Lost 25% of GDP as tourism fell
$6.6 billion needed for rebuilding
1/2 million homes damaged

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7
Q

What kind of plate boundary was the Nepal earthquake situated on?

A

Destructive plate boundary

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8
Q

When was the Haiti earthquake?

A

2010

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9
Q

What magnitude was the earthquake in Haiti?

A

7.0

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10
Q

How many people died/were injured in the Haiti earthquake?

A

220,000 died
300,000 injured

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11
Q

Why was the Haiti earthquake so devastating?

A

Shallow focus increased shaking and liquefaction
Epicentre was 24km from Port-au-Prince (capital)
Haiti is a developing country and resources are spent on immediate issues rather than earthquake precautions
High level of government corruption
Only had 1 airport - slowed down aid efforts
1/4 government officials killed

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12
Q

Secondary impacts of the Haiti earthquake

A

Outbreak of cholera
Many in temporary housing/ camps

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13
Q

How much aid was given to Haiti post earthquake?

A

$13 billion

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14
Q

When was the Japan earthquake and tsunami?

A

2011

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15
Q

What magnitude was the Japan earthquake and tsunami?

A

9.0
10m tsunami

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16
Q

Why was the Japan earthquake less devastating?

A

Wealthy and developed country
Offshore sensors for tsunami warnings
75% of buildings built to withstand shaking
Low corruption levels
Good education (drills practiced in schools)
Disaster plans in place (emergency kits)
Tsunami walls

17
Q

How many people died in the Japan earthquake and tsunami?

A

20,000

18
Q

What kind of plate boundary was the Japan earthquake on?

A

Convergent plate boundary

19
Q

Secondary impacts of Japan earthquake and tsunami

A

Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant was severely damaged and release dangerous levels of radiation

20
Q

When was the E-15 eruption?

A

2010

21
Q

What kind of plate boundary was the Haiti earthquake on?

A

Convergent plate boundary

22
Q

Impacts of the E-15 eruption

A

More than 100,000 flights cancelled
Worldwide airlines lose $1.7 billion in revenue
No deaths
Hotspot volcano
VEI 3

23
Q

When did the Monteserrat volcano erupt?

A

1995-2000

24
Q

Impact of Montserrat volcanic eruption

A

The capital, Plymouth, was destroyed
3/4 of all infrastructure destroyed
2/3 of the island is uninhabitable
20 deaths

25
Q

When was the earthquake in Sichuan?

A

2008

26
Q

How many people were affected in the Sichuan earthquake?

A

45.5 million

27
Q

How many people were made homeless due to the Sichuan earthquake?

A

5 million

28
Q

What magnitude was the earthquake in Sichuan?

A

7.9

29
Q

Why was the earthquake in Sichuan less devastating than Haiti?

A

Rural location
Strong central government responded
Medical services restored, preventing disease
Within 2 weeks temporary homes, roads and bridges were being built
Tough building codes

30
Q

Impacts of the earthquake in Sichuan

A

25% of deaths were due to landslides
Thousands of schools collapsed
Made Sichuan more resilient to future hazards

31
Q

When was the Indian Ocean tsunami?

A

2004

32
Q

Why was the Indian Ocean tsunami so devastating?

A

No warning system
51m high wave in Indonesia
Earthquake was very close to densely populated coastal communities

33
Q

Long term impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami

A

Freshwater supplies were contaminated with salt water
Ecosystems were severely damaged e.g. mangroves, coral reefs

34
Q

How many people died in the Indian Ocean tsunami?

A

300,000

35
Q

What was the cost of the Indian Ocean tsunami?

A

$10 billion

36
Q

Why is the Philippines a multiple-hazard zone?

A

Located on a convergent plate boundary (earthquakes and volcanoes)
Pacific Ocean (tsunami)
Typhoon belts
Tropical monsoon climate
47 volcanoes (30% of the pop lives within 30km of a volcano)
Steep topography (landslides)

37
Q

Mount Pinatubo

A

1991
VEI 6
800 deaths

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