Tectonics

Question 1

When was the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 1

2015

Question 2

What magnitude was the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 2

7.8

Question 3

How many people died/were injured in the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 3

8,600 died
21,000 injured

Question 4

How many people made homeless due to the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 4

3 million

Question 5

Why was the Nepal earthquake so devastating?

Answer 5

Vulnerable, weak infrastructure couldn’t withstand the shaking
Mountainous areas - landslides
Lack of a warning system
Emergency services relied on international aid

Question 6

Long term effects of the Nepal earthquake

Answer 6

Lost 25% of GDP as tourism fell
$6.6 billion needed for rebuilding
1/2 million homes damaged

Question 7

What kind of plate boundary was the Nepal earthquake situated on?

Answer 7

Destructive plate boundary

Question 8

When was the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 8

2010

Question 9

What magnitude was the earthquake in Haiti?

Answer 9

7.0

Question 10

How many people died/were injured in the Haiti earthquake?

Answer 10

220,000 died
300,000 injured

Question 11

Why was the Haiti earthquake so devastating?

Answer 11

Shallow focus increased shaking and liquefaction
Epicentre was 24km from Port-au-Prince (capital)
Haiti is a developing country and resources are spent on immediate issues rather than earthquake precautions
High level of government corruption
Only had 1 airport - slowed down aid efforts
1/4 government officials killed

Question 12

Secondary impacts of the Haiti earthquake

Answer 12

Outbreak of cholera
Many in temporary housing/ camps

Question 13

How much aid was given to Haiti post earthquake?

Answer 13

$13 billion

Question 14

When was the Japan earthquake and tsunami?

Answer 14

2011

Question 15

What magnitude was the Japan earthquake and tsunami?

Answer 15

9.0
10m tsunami

Question 16

Why was the Japan earthquake less devastating?

Answer 16

Wealthy and developed country
Offshore sensors for tsunami warnings
75% of buildings built to withstand shaking
Low corruption levels
Good education (drills practiced in schools)
Disaster plans in place (emergency kits)
Tsunami walls

Question 17

How many people died in the Japan earthquake and tsunami?

Answer 17

20,000

Question 18

What kind of plate boundary was the Japan earthquake on?

Answer 18

Convergent plate boundary

Question 19

Secondary impacts of Japan earthquake and tsunami

Answer 19

Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant was severely damaged and release dangerous levels of radiation

Question 20

When was the E-15 eruption?

Answer 20

2010

Question 21

What kind of plate boundary was the Haiti earthquake on?

Answer 21

Convergent plate boundary

Question 22

Impacts of the E-15 eruption

Answer 22

More than 100,000 flights cancelled
Worldwide airlines lose $1.7 billion in revenue
No deaths
Hotspot volcano
VEI 3

Question 23

When did the Monteserrat volcano erupt?

Answer 23

1995-2000

Question 24

Impact of Montserrat volcanic eruption

Answer 24

The capital, Plymouth, was destroyed
3/4 of all infrastructure destroyed
2/3 of the island is uninhabitable
20 deaths

Question 25

When was the earthquake in Sichuan?

Answer 25

2008

Question 26

How many people were affected in the Sichuan earthquake?

Answer 26

45.5 million

Question 27

How many people were made homeless due to the Sichuan earthquake?

Answer 27

5 million

Question 28

What magnitude was the earthquake in Sichuan?

Answer 28

7.9

Question 29

Why was the earthquake in Sichuan less devastating than Haiti?

Answer 29

Rural location Strong central government responded Medical services restored, preventing disease Within 2 weeks temporary homes, roads and bridges were being built Tough building codes

Question 30

Impacts of the earthquake in Sichuan

Answer 30

25% of deaths were due to landslides Thousands of schools collapsed Made Sichuan more resilient to future hazards

Question 31

When was the Indian Ocean tsunami?

Answer 31

2004

Question 32

Why was the Indian Ocean tsunami so devastating?

Answer 32

No warning system 51m high wave in Indonesia Earthquake was very close to densely populated coastal communities

Question 33

Long term impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami

Answer 33

Freshwater supplies were contaminated with salt water Ecosystems were severely damaged e.g. mangroves, coral reefs

Question 34

How many people died in the Indian Ocean tsunami?

Answer 34

300,000

Question 35

What was the cost of the Indian Ocean tsunami?

Answer 35

$10 billion

Question 36

Why is the Philippines a multiple-hazard zone?

Answer 36

Located on a convergent plate boundary (earthquakes and volcanoes) Pacific Ocean (tsunami) Typhoon belts Tropical monsoon climate 47 volcanoes (30% of the pop lives within 30km of a volcano) Steep topography (landslides)

Question 37

Mount Pinatubo

Answer 37

1991 VEI 6 800 deaths