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physical geog > tectonics > Flashcards

tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

when was the montserrat eruption?

A

1995-1997

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2
Q

how many died in the montserrat eruption?

A

19

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3
Q

what were the social impacts of the montserrat eruption?

A
  • 2/3rds population evacuated
  • 150 houses destroyed
  • inhalation injuries & burns
  • farmland & crops destroyed
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4
Q

what were the economic impacts of the montserrat eruption?

A
  • hospital & infrastructure destroyed
  • airport shut down
  • 21.5% economic downturn
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5
Q

how much aid did the uk send to montserrat?

A

$122.8 million to reconstruct economy

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6
Q

when was the eyjafjallajökull eruption?

A

2010

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7
Q

how many people died due to eyjafjallajökull erupting?

A

none

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8
Q

what were the social impacts of eyjafjallajökull?

A
  • ash in water supply
  • 700 evacuated due to melting glacier
  • local roads closed
  • 10 million global air passengers stranded
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9
Q

what were the economic impacts of eyjafjallajökull?

A
  • 100,000 flights cancelled
  • airlines lost $1.7 billion
  • european economy lost $5 billion
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10
Q

when was the haitian earthquake?

A

2010

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11
Q

how many died in haiti?

A

220,000

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12
Q

what were the social impacts of the haitian earthquake?

A
  • 300,000 injured
  • 1.3 million homeless
  • cholera epidemic due to contaminated water
  • collapsed buildings
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13
Q

what were the economic impacts of the haitian earthquake?

A
  • $150 billion damage

- industry lost $30 billion

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14
Q

how much did the red cross donate to haiti?

A

£100 million

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15
Q

when was the christchurch earthquake?

A

2011

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16
Q

how many died in christchurch?

A

181

17
Q

what were the social impacts of the christchurch earthquake?

A
  • 2,000 injured
  • schools closed
  • 80% of city without electricity
  • over 50% central city buildings damaged
18
Q

what were the economic impacts of the christchurch earthquake?

A
  • $40 billion damage

- lost $230 million of tourism income

19
Q

how much aid did christchurch receive?

A

$6-7 million

20
Q

when was the indian ocean tsunami?

A

boxing day 2004

21
Q

how many died in the indian ocean tsunami?

A

227,898

22
Q

what were the social impacts of the indian ocean tsunami?

A
  • 1.8 million people displaced
  • 1,500 sumatran villages destroyed
  • 120,000 tourism workers unemployed
23
Q

what were the economic impacts of the indian ocean tsunami?

A
  • $10+ billion damage
  • 60% of sri lanka’s fishing fleet & infrastructure destroyed
  • thailand lost $25 million from tourism monthly
  • agricultural land salt water contaminated
24
Q

how much was the emergency appeal from the indian ocean tsunami?

A

$187 million for shelters and supplies

25
Q

when was the japanese tsunami?

A

2011

26
Q

how many died in the japanese tsunami?

A

15,899

27
Q

what were the social impacts of the japanese tsunami?

A
  • 300,000 refugees
  • food, water & medicine shortages
  • 230,000 in temporary housing in 2015
28
Q

what were the economic impacts of the japanese tsunami?

A
  • $250 billion cost
  • economy shrunk by 3.1%
  • ports & airports damaged
29
Q

how can location determine the impacts of a hazard?

A
  • proximity to hazard
  • remoteness
  • population density
  • level of development: education & planning
  • affordability of prediction
30
Q

how can earthquakes be predicted?

A
  • seismographs
  • pre-tremors
  • radon gas detection (spectrometer)
  • historical trends
  • GIS building movement markers (san andreas)
31
Q

how can tsunamis be predicted?

A
  • DART systems
  • historical trends
  • tide drawdown
32
Q

how can volcanic eruptions be predicted?

A
  • sulphur dioxide detection (spectrometer)
  • historical trends
  • crater filling with magma
  • local surface water temperature increasing
  • volcano steepness increasing (geodimeter)
33
Q

what are the four stages of the hazard management cycle?

A
  • response: emergency rescue, death toll
  • recovery
  • mitigation: education, shelters, aseismic architecture
  • preparation: population ready for event
34
Q

when was the sichuan earthquake?

A

2008

35
Q

how many died in the sichuan earthquake?

A

69,227

36
Q

what were the social impacts of the sichuan earthquake?

A
  • 18,000 missing
  • 10 million homeless
  • 8 million buildings collapsed
  • water & power lost
37
Q

what were the economic impacts of the sichuan earthquake?

A
  • $150 billion damage

- industry lost $60 million

38
Q

how much aid did the red cross donate to sichuan?

A

£100 million

physical geog (4 decks)

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