Tectonic processes and hazards Flashcards
What is a hazard?
A hazard refers to a potential threat or danger that could cause harm. Hazards can be natural, like earthquakes, floods, or volcanic eruption. Essentially, a hazard is anything that has the potential to cause damage.
What is a disaster?
A disaster occurs when a hazard actually results in significant damage or destruction, affecting people, property, and the environment. Disasters typically involve a large-scale impact, leading to loss of life, injury, or extensive property damage.
Whats the difference between a hazard and disaster?
A hazard is a potential threat or danger and the disaster is the event causing harm/damage.
What is the ‘Deggs model’?
The Degg’s Model is a visual representation that shows the relationship between hazards, vulnerability, and disasters.
What does the ‘Deggs model’ show?
Hazard: This represents the potential threat or danger, like natural disasters or human-made hazards. Vulnerability: This aspect signifies the susceptibility of a community or area to the impact of hazards. Vulnerability can be influenced by many factors. Disaster: When a hazard interacts with vulnerabilities, it can lead to a disaster. The model illustrates how the combination of hazards and vulnerabilities can result in varying levels of impact.
What is the ‘Hazard-Risk-Equator’?
he Hazard-Risk Equation is often represented as:
Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability
What does the ‘Hazard-Risk-Equator’ show?
The Hazard-Risk Equation illustrates how hazards and vulnerabilities interact to determine the level of risk. Understanding this relationship is crucial for disaster management and risk reduction strategies.
What does the term resilience mean?
Resilience refers to the ability of individuals, communities, or systems to withstand, recover from, and adapt to adverse events or disruptions, such as natural disasters, economic downturns, or other significant challenges. It refers the capacity to bounce back quickly.
What does the term vulnerability mean?
It reflects the weaknesses or limitations that make someone or something more prone to harm, damage, or loss. Vulnerability can arise from various factors, including socio-economic conditions, lack of resources, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to information or services.
Why is age a significant factor affecting a community’s resilience?
If a community has an aging population, the education of elders may be forgotten or outdated. Whereas, a community with a younger population is more likely to have better education.
What is PAR model?
The PAR model, which stands for Pressure and Release model, is a framework used to understand the factors that contribute to vulnerability and disaster risk in communities. It illustrates the relationship between the underlying causes of vulnerability and the pressures that lead to disasters. The PAR model shows that disasters are not just natural events but are influenced by social conditions and the interplay between pressure and release factors.
Socio-economic impacts of Japan 2011
The country invested in rebuilding and implementing stricter building codes which strengthened its resilience.
Socio-economic impacts of Haiti 2010
The lack of resources and poor emergency response hampered recovery efforts meant that there was many underlying vulnerabilities meaning poor poverty conditions and lack of infrastructures.
Socio-economic impacts of Indonesia 2004
Indonesia’s government has made strides in improving disaster response and preparedness, but challenges remain, particularly in remote areas. The socioeconomic impacts here reflect a combination of regional disparities and the country’s ongoing efforts to enhance resilience.
Compare socio-economic impacts of the 3 previous contrasting countries and explain why the impacts vary
The variation in socioeconomic impacts of tectonic disasters across these countries can be attributed to factors such as economic development, infrastructure quality, governance, and disaster preparedness. Countries like Japan are better equipped to handle the aftermath of disasters, while nations like Haiti face more significant challenges due to underlying vulnerabilities. Indonesia’s mixed impacts highlight the importance of regional differences and ongoing improvements in disaster management.
