Tectonic Plates

Question 0

Oceanic crust

Answer 0

Thinner and more dense

Question 1

Continental crust

Answer 1

Thicker and less dense

Question 2

Destructive plate margin

Answer 2

Moving towards each other
Oceanic plate meets continental plate and the denser oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle
Creates volcanoes and ocean trenches
Creates fold mountain of the two plates crush together

Question 3

Constructive plate margin

Answer 3

Two plates moving away from each other

Magma Rosie’s from the mantle to fill the gaps and cools creating new crust

Question 4

Conservative plate margins

Answer 4

Two plates are moving sideways past each other
Or in the same direction at different speeds
Creates friction

Question 5

Fold mountains

Answer 5

When two plates collide and the sedimentary rocks between the are folded upwards ->mountains 
Continental + oceanic 
Eg Andes 
Continental + continental 
Eg Himalayas 
Rocky and steep slopes 
Often snow and glaciers

Question 6

Fold mountain case study - Andes

Farming

Answer 6

Farming : steep slopes are bad for growing crops so they are used to graze animals
Or terraced to make growing crops easier
Built- in terraces hold water
Maize, soya, cotton
Subsistence farming for personal consumption

Question 7

Andes

Hydroelectric power

Answer 7

Steep sided mountains and high lakes make fold mountains ideal for generating hydro electric power
Easy to be dammed
Yucan project dam

Question 8

Andes

Mining

Answer 8

Major source of metal ores

Steep slopes makes access to mines difficult so zigzag roads have been made in some places

Question 9

Andes

Alpacas/ llamas

Answer 9

Alpacas produce fine cloth 
Llamas are used to carry goods 
Carry materials for irrigation and building  into inaccessible areas
Carry up to 25% of their body weight 
Females used for meat and milk

Question 10

Yanacocha gold mine

Answer 10

Advantages
Population has grown from 30,000 to almost 240,000 in 2005
Brings jobs
Economy
Disadvantages
Lack of services
Increased crime rate from growing population
Rock is sprayed with poison that damages lakes and crops

Question 11

The Andes basic facts

Answer 11

Runs through Peru, chile, equado, Columbia,Argentina
South America
Destructive plate margin
Nickel tin silver and gold are mined

Question 12

Volcanoes

Formed

Answer 12

Formed at destructive plate margins where the oceanic plate goes under the continental plate because it is more dense
Melted and destroyed
Pool of magma forms
Magma tidied through cracks in crust called vents
Magma erupts into the surface forming a volcano

Question 13

Composite volcanoes

Answer 13

Made up of layers of ash and lava 
Lava is thick and flows slowly 
Steep sides 
Vent up the middle 
Eg mount Fuji in Japan

Question 14

Shield volcanoes

Answer 14

Made up of only lava 
Lava is runny 
Flows quickly and spread over a wide area
Low and flat 
Eg mauna loa in the Hawaiian islands

Question 15

Dome volcanoes

Answer 15

Only lava
Thick lava
Steep sided
Eg mount pelee in the Caribbean

Question 16

Montserrat case study

Facts

Answer 16

June 25th 1997
19 killed
4-5 million m3 of rocks and gas

Question 17

Montserrat

Causes

Answer 17

Above a destructive plate margin 
Atlantic plate being forced under the Caribbean plate 
Magma rose up through weak points 
Underground pool of magma 
Pool collapsed causing eruption

Question 18

Monserrat

Primary impacts

Answer 18

Large areas covered with volcanic material
The city of Plymouth was buried under 12 m of mud and ash
Over 20 villages and 2/3 of homes k the island were destroyed by pyroclastic flows
Schools, hospitals the airport and port were destroyed
Vegetation and farmland destroyed
19 people died 7 injured

Question 19

Montserrat

Secondary impacts

Answer 19

Fired destroyed many buildings incl. local gov. Office, police headquarters and petrol station
Economy and business destroyed by lack of tourism
Population decline 8000/12000 inhabitants have left
Volcanic ash improved soil fertility

Question 20

Montserrat

Immediate responses

Answer 20

People evacuated for the south to safe areas in the north
Shelters were built to house evacuees
Temporary infrastructure eg road and electricity
UK provided £17 million of emergency aid
Support from local emergency services

Question 21

Long term responses

Answer 21

A risk map
Exclusion zone
UK provided £42 million aid to develop both of the island
Montserrat volcano observatory set up

Question 22

Super volcanoes

Answer 22

Much bigger
Can develop everywhere
Eg Yellowstone

Question 23

Formation of a super volcano

Answer 23

1) magma rises up through cracks in the crust to form large magma basin below the earths surface- pressure forms a bulge
2) bulge eventually cracks creating cents for lava to escape through. Lava erupts causing earthquakes and plumes of ash and rock
3) bulge collapses
4) leaves over a Caldera

Question 24

Characteristics of a super volcano

Answer 24

Flat
Cover a large surface area
Have a caldera

Question 25

Consequences of a super volcano eruption

Answer 25

Thousands of cubic kilometers f rock ash and lava
Pyroclastic flows would burn and desires everything within 10 miles
Mink ice age- ash blocking out sun and heat
Ash would settle and bury fields

Question 26

Earthquakes

Causes

Answer 26

Tension builds up from plates grinding against each other or getting stuck
Jerk past each other sending onto shockwaves
Shockwaves spread out for the focus and become weaker further away
The epicenter is right above the focus

Question 27

Measuring

earthquakes

Answer 27

The Richter scale 1-9+
Magnitude of the earthquake
On a seismometer
Major earthquake are 5+