tectonic plate boundaries Flashcards
what’s a convergent plate?
when the plates push out in opposite directions leaving a space for volcanoes to erupt
what is a conservative plate?
when the two platr boundaries rub along eachother to form earthquakes
what is a destructive plate?
when the the oceanic plate gets pushed underneath the continental plate leaving room for volcanoes to erupt
what is a destructive collision boundary?
when two plates push against eachother and one get broken and piles up above creating a mountain range
what are earthquakes measured with?
seismographs, and then they are given a number on the richter scale
what is the high test recorded earthquake?
a 9.5 in Chile may 22nd 1960
can earthquakes be predicted?
no, but the areas can be predicted
foreshocks could be detected
animals could act strangely
using specific technology, bulges in the ground can be detected
what should you do to plan for an earthquake?
-have an emergency kit
-make an emergency plan
-make buildings earthquake proof
-organiser regular earthquake drills (drop cover hold)
what do you need in a grab bag?
water + food
warm protective clothing
torch + power bank
sleeping bag
first aid + hygiene products
what can you do to protect yourself?
make earthquake resistant buildings
-use cross bracing
-place bricks so they’re sturdier
-shatter proof glass
-shock absorbers
-deep foundations
-steel to make building sway instead of collapsing
what are things that influence impacts of earthquakes?
-the type of building your in
-what warning you get
-where it occurs (land, water, deserts)
-the size of the earthquake?
what is the epicentre?
the main point of the earthquake
what’s a deep and a shallow earthquake?
a shallow quake would be closer to land but a deep one would be further down
would there be a difference in the impact of the earthquake depending if it’s shallow or deep?
if a quake is a 6.3 or doesn’t matter where it is the waves would still be the same height, but if it was shallow the energy would reach the surface causing more damage
what are impacts of earthquakes?
-tsunamis
-ground cracking
-criminals escaping
-cannot get to work or school
-supplies needed
-buildings destroyed
-animals/ people injured or killed
-gases released
-roads destroyed
-homeless
what is an earthquake?
when two tectonic plates try to move past eachother but get stuck and lots of pressure builds up. when the plates finally move the pressure releases causing the ground to shake
where is new zealand?
south east of australia
two islands
in the pacific ocean and southern ocean
in the southern hemisphere
what plates are new zealand on?
the indo australian and pacific,
which are destructive plate boundaries
where is christchurch?
-the south island in new zealand
-on a destructive plate
-on the south east of south island
-a city
right where the plates meet up
what is a primary effect?
an effect caused by the earthquake (buildings collapsing)
what is a secondary effect?
an effect caused by the primary effect (injuries, money needed for repairs, jobs lost)
what is the response?
something done/an action after the event
what is liquefaction
when the ground shakes, water rises making things go wonky, then when the water settles back down the objects don’t go back to their original positions
which earthquake had more damage, haiti or christchurch?
haiti
-had less money
-complete different living situation
-more destruction
-had to ask for help as countries weren’t doing so
-more injuries and children
where is haiti?
hispaniola near mexico, in the southern hemisphere in the atlantic ocean
what was the magnitude and time of the haiti earthquake?
2010, 12th january
-7 on the richter scale
what were impacts of the haiti earthquake?
-rubble everywhere
-very important buildings collapsed
-crashed cars
-deaths
-many aftershocks
what is an active volcano?
a volcano that is liable to erupt at any time
what is a dormant (sleeping) volcano?
a volcano which has not erupted for many years but could erupt
what is an extinct volcano?
a volcano which has not erupted for thousands or millions of years
why would you want to live near volcanic areas?
-fertile soil
-volcanoes are picturesque
-you can use geothermal energy
-tourist attractions
-beautiful stones and minerals can be found, diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds
where is iceland?
in the atlantic ocean on a north american and eurasian plate (constructive)
what is a tsunami?
a disturbance on the ocean floor, usually an earthquake but a super volcano could also cause one
how are tsunamis (Japanese for harbour wave) created?
-an underwater earthquake occurs often on a destructive plate
-water is forced upwards
-gravity tries to pull it back down, so the water separates into waves
-waves move towards the coastline, gathering more energy and size the closer they get to the shore
-the now enormous wave floods rhe coastline
where is indonesia?
in indonesia- north west of australia, south east australia, in the indian and pacific ocean
what was the boxing day tsunami?
occurred in Sumatra in 2004
had an earthquake of 9.1 and was ten minutes long in the water
what is a volcano and what are the parts of one?
an opening or vent in the earths surface through which magma erupts when pressure rises and solidifies as lava
includes a crater, lava, parasitic cone, magma chamber and main vent
