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Earth And Environmental Science > Tectonic Impacts > Flashcards

Tectonic Impacts Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the characteristics of continental plates?

A

40-65km thick, less dense 2.7 g/cm, light coloured felsic rocks, granite

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of oceanic plates?

A

3-15km thick; dense 3 g/cm, dark coloured magic rocks, basalt and gabbro, 175 million years old (young)

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2
Q

What is the igneous rock type at a divergent boundary?

A

Basaltic (mafic)

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3
Q

What is the igneous rock at an oceanic to oceanic convergent boundary?

A

Basaltic early and as it matures andesite

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4
Q

What is the igneous rock type at oceanic to continental convergent boundary?

A

Andesite

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5
Q

What is the igneous rock type at a continental to continental convergent boundary?

A

Granite (placed as plutons)

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6
Q

Describe the volcanic activity at a convergent boundary

A

Andesitic volcanism, magma rich in silica and high viscosity

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7
Q

Describe volcanic activity at a divergent boundary.

A

Basaltic lava low in silica and low in viscosity

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8
Q

What are the hypothesis’ which drive plate movement?

A

Convection, gravity, ridge push (subduction) and slab pull (sea floor spreading)

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9
Q

An example of an oceanic divergent boundary

A

The mid Atlantic Ocean ridge

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10
Q

An example of a continental divergent boundary

A

Great Rift Valley in Africa

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11
Q

An example of an ocean to ocean convergence

A

Tonga where the pacific plate is being sub ducted beneath we the Philippine plate

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12
Q

An example of ocean to continent convergence

A

Nazca plate and South America plate

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13
Q

Example of continent to continent convergence

A

Himalayas (fold mountains)

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14
Q

Example of transform boundary

A

San Andreas Fault

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15
Q

When did the evolution of Australia start?

A

3800 million years ago in the age of archea

16
Q

Which two cratons begun the growth of Australia?

A

Pilbarra and Yilgarn

17
Q

How was the east formed?

A

Subduction zones, volcanic activity caused belts, these were filled in by sediments and compression forces resulted in mountain building (the great dividing range)

18
Q

Where was the last area of growth?

A

The Sydney basin cratonised by the end of the Triassic

19
Q

What are the names of the two super continents?

A

Rodinia and Pangea

20
Q

Name the Australian plate and those surrounding it

A

Indo-Australian plate
Eurasian to the north
Pacific to the east
African to the west

21
Q

Describe the plate movements of the surrounding plates.

A

Convergent north with pacific
Divergent south with Antarctic
Transform to the east

22
Q

Identify the hazards associated with earthquakes

A

Ground motion
Tsunamis
Collapse of structures

23
Q

Identify the hazards associated with volcanoes

A

Poisonous gases
Ash flows
Lahars
Lava flows

24
Q

Name two methods of earthquake prediction

A

Laser beams detect plate movement

Radon gas escapes from cracks in the earths crust

25
Q

Name two methods for volcano prediction

A

Seismology - tracking rise of magma and it’s movement along fissures
Tilt metre - laser beam sensor measures changes in ground elevation

26
Q

Describe the physical characteristics of a volcanic region

A

Mountainous, high temperature lavas

27
Q

Describe the chemical characteristics of a volcanic region

A

Soils rich in phosphates, mostly water vapour and some carbon dioxide, minor levels of sulphur, chlorine and fluorine

28
Q

Describe the biotic features of a volcanic region

A

Volcanic soil fertile so wide distribution and abundance of plants
Limited animals due to lava and pyro clastic flows, gases and high temperatures

29
Q

Reasons for continued research into disaster prediction

A

Lives saved, possessions, scientists gain greater understanding

30
Q

Reasons against continued research into disaster prediction

A

Costly, wastage of resources? List of technologies exhausted?

31
Q

Describe the 2010 Canterbury Earthquake

A

Magnitude 7.1 40km west of Christchurch city
Originated along the alpine fault, where the indo-Australian and pacific plate meet at a transform boundary
Country highly susceptible to reoccurring earthquake activity
Future - early warning systems, increased building restrictions, safety tips on infomercials

32
Q

Describe the impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate

A

As the gases hit the stratosphere it impacts global climate
Local climate - darkness, rainfall, lightening
Carbon dioxide heats as a greenhouse gas
Sulphur dioxide as an aerosol cools

Earth And Environmental Science (1 decks)

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