Technology and War Flashcards
What significant public health changes occurred due to the Crimean War in 1855?
The Sanitary Commission was set up, leading to improved hygiene standards in hospitals and a reduction in the death rate.
What process did Pasteur invent in 1862?
He invented pasteurization, a method to kill bacteria by heating liquids between 60 and 100° C.
What did Pasteur discover in 1861?
Germ Theory
What did Koch contribute to microbiology in 1882-1883?
Koch used agar jelly and chemical dyes to study microorganisms and understand disease causes.
What did Ehrlich research in 1896?
Ehrlich researched treatments for syphilis using dyes and antitoxins.
What public health changes occurred due to the Boer War (1899-1902)?
The government realized 1/3 of troops were unfit to fight, leading to Liberal Reforms like Free School Meals in 1906.
What advancements in surgery occurred during WWI (1914-1918)?
Improvements included skin grafts, amputations, and the Carrel-Dakin method of using salt solution in wounds.
What impact did penicillin have during World War II?
Penicillin saved many lives by treating bacterial infections in minor wounds.
What advancements in plastic surgery occurred during WWII (1939-1945)?
Archibald McIndoe developed saline baths and further improved the pedicle tube.
What did the Thomas Splint do when it was introduced in 1915?
Kept the leg still to prevent further problems. Survival rate increased from 20% to 82%.
What did Harvey Cushing do for brain surgery?
Experimented with magnets to draw metal out from wounds.
What was the early problems with X-Rays?
Wounded person had to remain still which would be a problem if they were in pain
Radiation was harmful and could cause burns.
