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AWS Cloud Practitioner > Technology > Flashcards

Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Elastic Compute Cloud

A

Allows you to rent and manage virtual servers in the cloud. The compute power can grow or shrink based on the needs or the load on your application.

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2
Q

EC2 Instances

A

Virtual servers running on physical servers. Instances are not considered serverless.
You can deploy an application directly to EC2 instances. 

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3
Q

Methods to access an EC2 instance

A
  1. AWS management console
  2. Secure Shell (SSH)
  3. EC2 Instance Connect (EIC)
  4. AWS Systems Manager
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4
Q

EC2 pricing options

A

On demand, spot, savings plan, reserved instances, dedicated hosts

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5
Q

The two EC2 features

A

Elastic Load Balancing and EC2 Auto Scaling

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6
Q

Elastic Load Balancing

A

Automatically distributes your incoming application traffic across multiple EC2 instances. Four different types: classic, application, gateway, and network load balancers.

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7
Q

EC2 Auto Scaling

A

Adds or replaces EC2 instances automatically across availability zones based on need and changing demand. Improves the availability of your applications.

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8
Q

Vertical scaling

A

Scaling up, or upgrading, your EC2 instance by adding more power (CPU, RAM).

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9
Q

Horizontal Scaling

A

Scaling out, or adding or removing servers.

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10
Q

Types of load balancers

A

Network, classic, application, and gateway.

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11
Q

Lambda

A

A serverless compute service that lets you run code without managing servers. It can execute your code in response to events by setting triggers.

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12
Q

Using Lambda, you are charged on:

A

Duration and number of requests. Even testing counts as a request to be charged. 1 million free requests each month.

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13
Q

AWS Fargate

A

A serverless compute engine for containers. Manages containers like Docker.

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14
Q

Amazon Lightsail

A

A compute service that allows you to quickly launch all the resources you need for small projects. 

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15
Q

AWS Outposts

A

Allows you to run cloud services in your internal data center.
Supports a hybrid deployment model.
Support workloads that need to remain on premises due to latency or data sovereignty needs.

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16
Q

AWS Batch

A

A compute service that allows you to process large work loads on smaller chunks typically for long running jobs. Dynamically provision Instances based on volume. 

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17
Q

S3

A

An object storage service for the cloud that is highly available. Essentially unlimited storage, with many storage classes. It is a regional service but has a global namespace.

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18
Q

S3 Security

A

You can set security at the bucket level or individual object level using access control lists, bucket policies, or access point policies. You can enable versioning.

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19
Q

S3 data accessibility

A

high availability and durability on a regional level.

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20
Q

The 7 types of S3 storage classes

A
  1. Standard: General purpose, across multiple AZs, low latency, high throughput.
    Recommended for frequently accessed data
  2. Intelligent-tiering: automatically moves data to the most effective cost-class. Across multiple AZs. Recommended for data changing access pattern or unpredicted like a data lake
  3. Standard Infrequent Access: access data less frequently but requires rapid access. Multiple AZs.
  4. One-zone Infrequent Access: like standard infrequent access but deployed in only one AZ
  5. Glacier: long term, retrieval options of 1-5min, 3-5h, or 5-12h. Multiple AZs.
  6. Glacier Deep Dive: like Glacier but longer access times. 12h or 48h retrieval options. Multiple AZs.
  7. Outposts: provides object storage on-premises. Only give a single storage class, store data across multiple devices and servers.
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21
Q

All EC2 instances must have a _________.

A

Root drive

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22
Q

What are the types of root drives for EC2 instance storage?

A

Elastic Block Store (EBS), instance store volume, and Elastic File System (EFS).

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23
Q

Elastic Block Store (EBS)

A

A type of root drive that attaches to EC2 instances and has persistent memory. You can attach multiple EBS volumes to an EC2 instance, but they are only tied to one AZ. You have to replicate it if you want to move the data to another AZ.

Recommended for quick access, long term data storage, running a database on an instance.

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24
Q

Instance store

A

A type of root drive for EC2 instances that is directly attached to the physical machine. They have lower latency but are ephemeral (temporary) - the data does not persist if an instance is stopped or terminated.

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25
Q

Elastic File System (EFS)

A

A serverless network file system for sharing files for EC2 instances. It can only be used in the Linux file system. Exist across an entire region. Recommended for main directories for business critical apps.

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26
Q

Storage Gateway

A

A hybrid storage service that lets you store data on the cloud and on premises. Recommended for moving backups to the cloud, reducing costs, lower latency.

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27
Q

AWS Backup

A

Helps you manage data backups across multiple services. Catch all backup service across different services. Can create a backup plan with frequency and retention.

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28
Q

Content Delivery Network

A

A mechanism to deliver content quickly and efficiently based on geographic location. Provides low latency.

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29
Q

CloudFront

A

A content delivery network that delivers data and applications globally with low latency. Uses edge locations to cache content.

Often used with S3 to deploy content globally. Can stop certain web attacks, and can do IP address blocking to certain countries.

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30
Q

CloudFront distribution cache

A

The name given to a collection of edge locations.

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31
Q

Amazon Global Accelerator

A

Sends your users through the AWS global network when accessing your content, speeding up delivery. Improves latency and availability of single-region applications.

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32
Q

S3 Transfer Acceleration

A

Improves content uploads and downloads to and from S3 buckets across long distances.

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33
Q

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

A

A foundational service that allows you to create a secure private network in the AWS cloud where you launch your resources.
Launch resources like your EC2 instances on your VPC, isolate and protect your resources.
Spans AZs in a single region.

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34
Q

VPC subnet

A

Allows you to split the network inside a VPC and is where you launch resources like EC2.

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35
Q

VPC private subnet

A

you put resources that you want to be private here like a database, inside a VPC.

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36
Q

VPC public subnets

A

Accessible from the internet, the resources you place here will be public. It uses components to make it public:
Network Access Control Lists (ACL): ensure the proper traffic is allowed into the subnet.
Router and route cable: defines where network traffic is routed.
Internet Gateway: allows public traffic to the internet from a VPC.
The internet 

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37
Q

VPC Peering

A

Connects two VPC together to facilitate a secure transfer of data.

38
Q

Route 53

A

A DNS service that routes users to applications. It allows you to register your domain name with it and performs health checks on AWS resources. Supports hybrid.

39
Q

Direct Connect

A

A dedicated physical network connection from your on premises data center to AWS.  Data travels over a private net work.
Recommended for business critical data, hybrid, and large datasets.

40
Q

Site-to-site VPN

A

Connects your on premises data center to AWS over the public internet. Data is automatically encrypted and is a slightly cheaper cost that direct connect.
Virtual Private Gateway: the VPN connection on the AWS side that supports the VPN tunnel.
Customer Gateway: the VPN connector on the customer side that supports the VPN tunnel.

41
Q

API Gateway

A

Allows you to build and manage APIs. Integrates with services.

42
Q

Types of databases

A

Relational, NoSQL, Document, Graph, in-memory data stores

43
Q

RDS

A

Makes it easy to launch and manage relational databases.
Supports Amazon Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, and SQL Server.

44
Q

The supported RDS database engines:

A

Aurora, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL.

45
Q

NoSQL database type supported by AWS

A

DynamoDB. Fully managed and serverless.

46
Q

Amazon Aurora

A

Only supports PostgreSQL and MySQL.

47
Q

ElastiCache

A

An in-memory data store. It can help reduce load and speed up responses. Data is stored in memory, so it can be lost.

48
Q

Neptune

A

A fully managed graph database that supports highly connected datasets, like for social media networks.

49
Q

DocumentDB

A

Fully managed service for MongoDB document database and non relational.

50
Q

Data Migration Service

A

Helps you migrate databases to or within AWS.

51
Q

Server Migration Service (SMS)

A

Allows you to migrate on premises servers to AWS. Servers are saved as new Amazon Machine Image (AMI).

52
Q

Snow Family

A

Allows you to transfer data from on premises to the cloud using four different types of physical devices so you don’t transfer it over the internet. Faster if you have a lot of data to transfer.

53
Q

Snowcone

A

Smallest member of the snow family holds 8TB of data.

54
Q

Snowball

A

Transfers petabytes of data and is cheaper than transferring over the internet.

55
Q

Snowball Edge

A

Used for data migration but also an edge computing device that supports EC2 and Lambda, so it can run apps when disconnected or remote.

56
Q

Snowmobile

A

The largest member of the snow family, can transfer exabytes of data.

57
Q

DataSync

A

Transfers data online and can replicate data cross-region or cross-account.

58
Q

Data warehouse

A

Data storage solution that aggregates historical data from disparate sources. Primarily use for reporting and analytics

59
Q

Redshift

A

Scalable data warehouse solution.

60
Q

Athena

A

A query service for Amazon S3. you pay per query, is serverless, uses SQL

61
Q

Amazon Glue

A

Prepares your data for analytics. ETL service that generates ETL code.

62
Q

Kinesis

A

Allows you to analyze data and video streams in real time. 

63
Q

Elastic MapReduce (EMR)

A

Helps you process large amounts of data using Hadoop and other big data frameworks.

64
Q

Data Pipeline

A

Helps you move data between computing storage services running either on AWS or on premises. 

65
Q

QuickSight

A

Helps you visualize your data and build interactive dashboards. Embed the dashboards in applications. 

66
Q

Rekognition

A

ML service that automates your image and video analysis. 

67
Q

Comprehend

A

Natural language processing service that finds relationships in text. use it to analyze customer sentiment. 

68
Q

Polly

A

Text-to-speech.

69
Q

SageMaker

A

Flagship ML service in AWS that lets you build train and deploy machine learning models quickly. 

70
Q

Translate

A

Provides language translation. 

71
Q

Lex

A

Helps you build conversational interfaces like chat bots. 

72
Q

Cloud9

A

An IDE that you can use in the web browser.

73
Q

CodeCommit

A

Source control system for private Git repositories similar to GitHub.

74
Q

CodeBuild

A

Allows you to build and test your application source code. enables continuous integration and delivery CI/CD.

75
Q

CodeDeploy

A

Manages the deployment of code to compute services in the cloud or on premises.  Allows you to deploy an application to servers running on premises and in the cloud. 

76
Q

CodePipeline

A

Automates the software release process to quickly deliver new features and updates. Integrates with CodeBuild, CodeCommit, and CodeDeploy.

77
Q

X-ray

A

Helps you debug production applications. 

78
Q

CodeStar

A

Helps developers collaboratively work on development projects. Integrates with CodeCommit, CodeBuild, and CodeDeploy. Contains an issue tracking dashboard.

79
Q

Infrastructure as Code (IAC)

A

Allows you to write a script to provision AWS resources. The benefit is that you provision resources in a reproducible manner that saves time. Turns infrastructure into code.

80
Q

CloudFormation

A

Supports infrastructure automation using Infrastructure as Code.

Provision AWS resources using IAC with templates for the resources you want to provision. Use this to automate the provisioning of EC2 instances in your account by using a template.

81
Q

Elastic Beanstalk

A

An orchestration service that helps you deploy your web applications and web services to AWS.

Remember, only to AWS, not on premises.

82
Q

OpsWorks

A

Automate the configuration of your servers and deploy code using Puppet or Chef. Can deploy applications on premises.

Example: Automate software configuration and infrastructure management for your app. 

83
Q

Queues

A

Are used to implement loosely coupled systems, is a data structure that holds requests or messages and wait their turn to be processed, typically in a FIFO fashion.

84
Q

Simple Queue Service (SQS)

A

A message queueing service that allows you to build loosely coupled systems and are processed in a FIFO order.

85
Q

Simple Notification System (SNS)

A

Allows you to send emails and text messages from your applications. It only sends plain text emails.

86
Q

Simple Email Service (SES)

A

Email service that allows you to send richly formatted HTML emails from your applications. Ideal choice for marketing campaigns.

87
Q

CloudWatch

A

A collection of services that helps you monitor and observe your cloud resources.
Monitor your EC2 instances and notify you when certain events occur.

88
Q

CloudTrail

A

Tracks user activity and API calls. Track IP address, region, etc.

89
Q

Workspaces

A

Allows you to host virtual desktops in the cloud. Enables employees to WFH.

90
Q

Connect

A

Cloud contact service center. Allows you to build a contact service or center in the cloud.

AWS Cloud Practitioner (4 decks)

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