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Telecommunications > Technology > Flashcards

Technology Flashcards

0
Q

RAI

A
  • Remote Alarm Indication (Yellow Alarm).

* Indicates a transmission problem at the far end.

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1
Q

AIS

A
  • Alarm Indication Signal.
  • All ones (blue alarm).
  • Indicates a problem upstream from the interface.
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2
Q

LOF

A
  • Loss of Frame (red alarm).

* Receiving the incorrect framing type or errors in the incoming framing pattern.

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3
Q

OCN

A
  • Operating Company Number
  • Four character ID for North American phone companies.
  • Assigned by NECA and used in the LERG.
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4
Q

ENUM

A
  • E.164 Number to URI Mapping

* Uses DNS NAPTR resource records

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5
Q

TCP 3-Way Handshake

A
  • SYN
  • SYN-ACK
  • ACK
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6
Q

DS3 Scrambling

A
  • Randomizes the pattern of 1s and 0s to maintain clocking.

* Must be configured on both ends or CRC errors will occur.

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7
Q

Basic SIP Call Flow

A
  • INVITE –>
  • 100 Trying
  • 2-way RTP cannel
  • BYE
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8
Q

Distance-Vector Routing Protocol

A

Calculates hop count to determine the route.

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9
Q

RIP

A
  • Routing Information Protocol

* Distance-vector routing protocol with a maximum hop count of 15 to prevent routing loops.

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10
Q

Split Horizon Route Advertisement

A
  • Prevents routing loops in distance-vector routing protocols.
  • Prohibits a router from advertising a route back onto the interface from which it was learned.
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11
Q

SIP RFC

A

RFC 3261

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12
Q

PAI

A
  • P-Asserted Identity

* Conveys the identity of the originator of a request within a trusted network.

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13
Q

Private IP Space

A
  • RFC 1918
  • 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
  • 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
  • 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
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14
Q

A Record

A
  • Address Record

* Links a domain name to an IP address

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15
Q

MX Record

A
  • Mail Exchange Record

* Directs e-mail to servers for a domain

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16
Q

NS Record

A
  • Name Server Record

* Indicates which name servers are authoritative for a domain

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17
Q

Two main classes of routing protocols

A
  • Distance-vector

* Link-state

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18
Q

LERG

A
  • Local Exchange Routing Guide
  • Contains information on every telephone switch in North America and he numbers they cover
  • Teclordia maintains the database
19
Q

Route Reflector

A
  • Ease the full mesh limitations of iBGP

* Allows one router to advertise, or reflect, iBGP routes to other iBGP speakers.

20
Q

B8ZS

A
  • Bipolar 8-Zero Substitution
  • Allows the use of the full 64 Kbps for each channel in a T1
  • Encoding method used on T1 circuits that inserts two successive ones of the same voltage - referred to as bipolar violation - into a signal whenever eight consecutive zeros are transmitted
  • Successive ones are ordinarily transmitted with a positive voltage and a negative voltage
21
Q

G.711

A
  • ITU-T standard CODEC

* 8 bit speech samples at 8000 samples per second, giving 64 Kbps of digital speech data

22
Q

DOCSIS

A
  • Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

* Developed by CableLabs and contributing companies

23
Q

DOCSIS 3.0

A

• Faster Upstream and Downstream

  • Modular CMTS
  • Channel bonding
  • Dynamic Frequency Assignment
  • Enhanced Security
  • Lower latency and reduced packet loss
  • Support for IPv6
26
Q

WiFi

A

• IEEE 802.11

27
Q

IPv6

A

• 128 bit address

28
Q

DHCP

A
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • Client server messaging

DHCPDISCOVER –>

DHCPOFFER

DHCPACK –>

29
Q

Voltage

A
  • Electrical potential

* Measure of force in an electric system

30
Q

OSI Layer SIP Resides

A

Application Layer

31
Q

SIP Responses

A
  • 1xx Provisional 100 Trying
  • 2xx Successful 200 OK
  • 3xx Provisional 302 Moved Temp
  • 4xx Client Error 404 Not Found
  • 5xx Server Error 504 Server Time-out
  • 6xx Global Failure 603 Decline
32
Q

Ohms

A
  • Electrical resistance
  • Resistance of a light bulb filament is high so a lot of heat and light are produced as the electricity forces it’s way through
33
Q

Amps

A
  • Electrical current
  • Measure of how many electrons are flowing through a circuit
  • The result of a fixed voltage (force) pushing on a circuit of fixed resistance
34
Q

Short Circuit

A

An accidental path is created in a circuit, generating a connection where one did not exist before; e.g., circuits cross.

35
Q

Watts

A
  • Electrical energy

* a measure of the rate of electrical energy being used (consumed or released)

36
Q

IPDR

A
  • Internet Protocol Detail Record
  • Provides information about IP-based usage
  • Part of CableLabs DOCSIS OSS definitions
37
Q

Electricity

A

The movement of charged atomic particles called electrons

38
Q

Battery

A
  • A chemical device designed to create the force needed to move electrons
  • Electrons have a negative charge
  • Electrons are travel out of the negative end of a battery and are attracted to the positive end
39
Q

CAS

A
  • Common Associated Signaling

* Replaced by SS7

40
Q

IDMS

A

Integrated Database Management System

41
Q

Spanning Tree Protocol

A

Prevents bridging loops at the data link layer

42
Q

NEBS

A
  • Network Equipment Building System
  • Developed by Bell Labs in the 1970s to standardize equipment that would be installed in a CO
  • Telcordia manages the NEBS specifications
43
Q

Path Vector

A
  • BGP is considered a path vector routing protocol

* BGP messages contain complete routes

44
Q

E.164

A
  • ITU-T recommendation that defines the international public telecommunications numbering plan used in the PSTN.
  • Defines the format of telephone numbers
54
Q

Ethernet

A

• IEEE 802.3

55
Q

Impedence

A

Impedance is the total resistance of an AC circuit

Telecommunications (5 decks)

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