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AWS Practitioner > Technology > Flashcards

Technology Flashcards

1
Q

EC2 Pricing Models

A

On Demand – Typical way, billed by the second of usage

Spot – Take advantage of unused EC2 capacity (Cheapest Option)

Reserved Instances (RI) - Commit to a specific instance type in a specific region for 1 or 3 years

Dedicated Hosts – Pay for a physical server that is fully dedicated to running your instances

Savings Plans – Commit to compute usage for 1 or 3 years, measured by hour

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2
Q

Is EC2 considered serverless?

A

No, it’s a virtual server running on physical servers

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3
Q

What’s the difference between horizontal and vertical scaling?

A

Horizontal scaling - Adding or removing servers

Vertical scaling - Increasing technology of existing servers

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4
Q

Elastic load balancing –

A

automatically distributes traffic across multiple instances

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5
Q

Auto scaling –

A

Adds or replaces EC2 instances automatically across AZs, based on need and changing demand

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6
Q

EC2 Real world uses:

A

Deploy a database

Deploy a web app

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7
Q

When to use EC2 On-Demand

A

You care about low cost without upfront commitment

Apps have unpredictable workloads that can’t be interrupted

Apps are under development

Workloads shorter than a year

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8
Q

When to use EC2 Spot

A

You are not concerned about start/stop time

Workloads can be interrupted

Your app is only feasible at low prices

Can save up to 90% off On-Demand prices

Pay for the spot price that is in effect at the beginning of each hour

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9
Q

When to use EC2 Reserved Instance (RI)

A

Your app has a steady state usage for 1 or 3 yr

You can pay money upfront

Your app requires a capacity reservation

Save up to 75% of On Demand prices

Required to sign a contract

Reserve capacity in an availability zone for any duration

You can pay all upfront, partial, or no upfront. All has the biggest discount.

Provides convertible types at 54% discount

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10
Q

When to use EC2 Dedicated Host

A

You want to bring your own server-bound software licenses

You have regulatory or corporate compliance requirements around tendency model

Save up to 70% off On Demand

Bring existing per-socket, per-core, or per-VM software licenses

No multi-tenancy – meaning the server is not shared with other customers

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11
Q

When to use EC2 Savings Plans

A

Want lower bill across multiple computing services

Flexibility to change compute services, instance types, OS, or regions

Save up to 72% off On Demand

Not making a commitment to a dedicated host

Savings shared across various compute services, incl. Lambda and Fargate

Does not provide capacity reservation

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12
Q

What do you need to connect to an EC2 instance via SSH?

A

Keypair

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13
Q

AWS Lambda - Responsibility

A

You are only responsible for your application code. AWS manages servers, coding environment, and language support.

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14
Q

AWS Fargate

A

Compute

Serverless compute engine for containers

Lets you manage containers like Docker

Scales automatically

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15
Q

AWS Outposts

A

Compute

Run cloud services in your datacenter

Supports workloads that need to remain on premises due to latency or data processing needs

Delivers and installs servers in your internal data center

Hybrid experience

Have access to cloud services and APIs to develop apps on-premises

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16
Q

AWS Lightsail

A

Compute

Great for small projects

Deploy preconfigured apps, like wordpress, with the click of a button

Simple screens for people with no cloud experience

Includes everything you need: SSD-storage, data transfer, DNS management, static IP

Low, predictable monthly fee as low as $3.5/mo

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17
Q

AWS Batch

A

Compute

Process large workloads in smaller chunks

Run hundreds and thousands of smaller batch processing jobs

Dynamically provision based on volume

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18
Q

Is S3 regional or global?

A

It’s a regional service, but names must be globally unique

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19
Q

Ways to set security for S3

A

You can set security at the bucket level or object level using access control lists (ACLs), bucket policies, or access point policies

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20
Q

S3 Standard

A

General-purpose storage

Stored across multiple AZ

Low latency, high throughput

Durability – 11 9’s

99.99% Availability

Recommended for frequently accessed data

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21
Q

S3 Intelligent Tiering:

A

Automatically moves data based on access habits

Automatic cost-savings

No retrieval fees

Data stored on multiple AZs

Durability – 11 9’s

99.99% Availability

Recommended for data with unknown or changing access patterns

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22
Q

S3 Standard Infrequent Access (IA)

A

Accessed less frequently, but requires rapid access

Stored across multiple AZ

Cheaper than S3 standard

Durability – 11 9’s

99.99% Availability

Recommended for

Long-lived data

Infrequently accessed

Millisecond access when needed

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23
Q

S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access:

A

Similar to S3 Standard IA, but stored in single AZ

Costs 20% less

Data stored in this class can be lost

Durability – 11 9’s

99.95% Availability

Recommended for:

Re-creatable data

Infrequently accessed with millisecond access

Availability and durability not essential

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24
Q

S3 Glacier

A

Long-term data storage

Retrieval takes longer, 3 options:

1-5 min

3-5 hr

5-12 hr

Data stored across multiple AZs

Durability – 11 9’s

Recommended for:

Long-term backups

Cheap storage option

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25
Q

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

A

Like S3 glacier but longer access times

Retrieval, 2 options:

12 hr

48 hr

Cheapest of all S3 options

Stored across multiple AZs

Durability – 11 9’s

Recommended for:

Long-term data archival accessed once or twice a year

Retaining data for regulatory compliance

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26
Q

S3 Outposts

A

Object storage on-premises

Single storage class

Stored across multiple devices and servers

Recommended for:

Data that needs to be kept local

Demanding apps performance needs

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27
Q

S3 Real-World Uses:

A

Static websites combined with CloudFront

Data archive

Analytics Systems with Redshift or Athena

Mobile Apps

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28
Q

When to use Elastic Block Store (EBS)?

A

Quickly accessible data

Running a database on an instance

Long-term data storage

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29
Q

Elastic Block Store (EBS)

A

Storage

Think of it like a flash drive that can be attached or remove from your instances

Data persists while instance is not running

Tied to one AZ

Can only be attached to one instance in the same AZ

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30
Q

EC2 Instance Store

A

Storage

Local storage that is physically attached to the host computer that cannot be removed

Storage is temporary since data loss occurs when EC2 instance is stopped

Faster and higher I/O speeds

Recommended for:

Temp data

Data replicated across multiple instances

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31
Q

Elastic File System (EFS)

A

Storage

Serverless network file system that allows you to share files

Only supports linux

More expensive than EBS

Accessible across different AZ in the same region

Recommended for:

Main directories for business-critical apps

Lift-and-shift existing enterprise apps

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32
Q

Storage Gateway

A

Storage

Hybrid storage system

On-premises and cloud data

Recommended for:

Moving backups to the cloud

Reducing costs for hybrid cloud storage

Low latency access to data

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33
Q

CloudFront

A

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

CDN that provides global distribution with low latency

Can restrict availability based on location

Speeds up delivery of static and dynamic web content

Uses edge locations to cache content

Real-world uses:

S3 static websites deployed globally

Can stop DDoS attacks

Geo-restrictions based on IP

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34
Q

Amazon Global Accelerator

A

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Sends users through the AWS global network when accessing your content, speeding up delivery

Improves latency and availability of single-region apps

60% performance boost

Automatically re-routes traffic to healthy available regional endpoints

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35
Q

Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration

A

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Improves uploads and downloads to S3 buckets

Fast transfer of files across long distances

Uses CloudFront’s globally distributed edge locations

Customers around the world can upload to a central bucket

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36
Q

VPC

A

Networking

Foundational service that allows you to create secure private networks in the AWS cloud

Private virtual network

Launch EC2 instances

Isolate and protect resources

Spans AZs in a single region

Like a fence around a pizza shop

37
Q

Subnet

A

allows you to split the network inside the VPC. This is where you launch your resources like EC2 instances.

38
Q

Network ACL (NACL)

A

uses ACLs to ensure the proper traffic is allowed into the subnet

39
Q

Router and route table

A

define where network traffic is routed

40
Q

Internet gateway

A

allows public traffic into the internet from a VPC

41
Q

VPC Peering

A

Allows you to connect 2 VPCs together and facilitates the transfer of data in a secure manner

42
Q

Route 53

A

Networking

DNS services that routes users to apps

Domain name registration

Performs health checks on AWS resources

Supports hybrid cloud

43
Q

Direct Connect

A

Networking

Dedicated physical network connection from on-premises data center to AWS

Travels over private network

Supports hybrid model

Real world uses:

Large datasets that you need to transfer to AWS

Business critical data transfer to AWS

Hybrid model

44
Q

AWS VPN

A

Networking

Site-to-site VPN creates a secure connection between your internal networks and AWS VPCs

Similar to direct connect, but travels over public internet

Automatically encrypted

Connects on-premises data center to AWS

Supports hybrid environment

Slightly cheaper than direct connect

Real world uses:

Makes moving apps to the cloud easier

45
Q

Virtual Private Gateway

A

is the connector on the AWS side

46
Q

Customer Gateway

A

connector on the customer side

47
Q

Site-to-site VPN

A

establish the secure connection between internal networks and AWS

48
Q

What engines does RDS support?

A

Aurora, Postgres, MySQL, Maria DB, Oracle, SQL Server.

49
Q

RDS

A

Relational DB

Easy to launch and manage

Supports popular DB engines: Aurora, Postgres, MySQL, Maria DB, Oracle, SQL Server.

High availability and fault tolerance using multi-AZs

AWS manages the DB with software updates, patching, automated backups, OS maintenance

Launch read replicas across regions in order to provide enhanced performance and durability

Use Case: Migrate an on-premises DB to the cloud

50
Q

Aurora

A

Relational DB

Compatible with MySQL and Postgres

5x faster than normal MySQL and 3x faster than normal Postgres

Scales automatically while providing durability and high availability

Managed by RDS

Use Case: Migrate an on-premises Postgres DB to the cloud

51
Q

DynamoDB

A

NoSQL DB

Fully managed key-value DB

Serverless

Non-relational

Scales automatically to massive workloads with fast performance

Use Case: NoSQL database fast enough to handle millions of req a sec

52
Q

Neptune

A

Graph DB

Supports highly connected datasets like social media networks

Fully managed and serverless

Fast and reliable

Use Case: Process large sets of user profiles and social interactions

53
Q

ElastiCache

A

Fully managed in-memory data store

Compatible with Redis and MemCached

Data can be lost because it is stored in memory

High-performance and low latency

Use Case: Alleviate DB load for data that is accessed often

54
Q

DocumentDB

A

Document DB

Compatible with MongoDB

Fully managed and serverless

Non-relational

Use Case: Operate MongoDB workloads at scale

55
Q

Snowball Edge

A

Migration

Has locally supported services like EC2 and Lambda

56
Q

Snowmobile

A

Migration

Largest member and has exabyte-scale data

45 ft long shipping container

Driven and loaded into an AWS server S3

Securely transported

57
Q

Snowball

A

Migration

Transfers pentabytes and is cheaper than the internet

Transfer data in and out

Cheaper than the internet

Snowball edge is supports EC2 and Lambda (when offline)

58
Q

DataSync

A

Migration

Transfers data online and can be used to replicate cross-region or account

Online data transfer from on-premises to AWS storage services like S3 or EFS

Copy data over Direct Connect or the internet

Copy data between AWS storage services

Replicate cross-region or cross-account

59
Q

Athena

A

Analytics

Query service

Analyze S3 data using SQL

Pay per query

Considered serverless

Real world:

Search for data in S3

60
Q

Redshift

A

Analytics

Scalable data warehouse solution

Improves speed and efficiency

Handles exabyte-scale data

Real world uses:

Consolidating multiple data sources

Relational database – When you want to run a database that doesn’t require real-time transaction processing

61
Q

Database Migration Service (DMS)

A

Helps you to migrate to or within AWS

Migrate on-premises databases

Continuous data replication

Homogeneous and Heterogenous migrations – From oracle to oracle and from oracle to SQL Server

Virtually no downtime

Real world use cases:

Oracle to Aurora MySQL

Oracle to Oracle

RDS Oracle to Aurora MySQL

62
Q

Glue

A

Analytics

Preps data for analytics

Extract, transform, and load service (ETL)

Prepare your data and load

Helps you better understand your data

63
Q

Kinesis

A

Analytics

Allows you to analyze data and videos in real-time

Supports video, audio, app logs, website clickstreams

And IoT

Real world:

Log analytics

64
Q

EMR

A

Analytics

Helps you process large amounts of data

Process big data

Works with Hadoop

Works with big data frameworks like Apache Spark

65
Q

Data Pipeline

A

Analytics

Helps you move data between compute and storage services

Move data at specific intervals

Move data based on certain conditions

Sends notifications on success or failure

66
Q

Rekognition

A

Machine Learning

Automate image and video analysis

Identify custom labels in images and videos

Face and text detection in images and videos

Real world:

Alfredo making sure toppings on pizza are correct

67
Q

Comprehend

A

Machine Learning

Natural language processing service (NLP) that finds relationships within text

Uncover insights and relationships

Analyzes text

Real-world uses:

Social media posts

68
Q

Polly

A

Machine Learning

Turns text to speech

Mimics natural human speech

Several voices

Create a custom voice

Real-world uses:

Adding audio to a blog post

69
Q

SageMaker

A

Machine Learning

Helps you build, train, and deploy models quickly

Prepare data for models

Train and deploy

Use deep learning AMIs

Real-world uses:

Recommendation engine

70
Q

Translate

A

Machine Learning

Provides real-time and batch language translation

Supports many languages

Translates many content formats

Real-world uses:

Add localization to a website or app

71
Q

Lex

A

Machine Learning

Helps you build conversational interfaces like chatbots

Recognize speech and understand language

Powers Alexa

Real-world:

Integrate voice into a device, like Alexa

72
Q

Cloud9

A

Developer Tools

IDE in web browser

Write and Debug Code

Supports popular programming languages

Real-world uses:

Build serverless app – Write the lambda code directly in your web browser

73
Q

CodeCommit

A

Developer Tools

Source control system for private Git repositories

Commit, branch, and merge code

Collab with other software devs

Real-world uses:

Manage versions of your files (similar to GitHub)

74
Q

CodeBuild

A

Developer Tools

Allows you to build and test app source code

Compiles and runs tests

Enables continuous integration and delivery (CICD)

Produces build artifacts ready to be deployed

Real-world uses:

Run tests before deploying a new version of an app to production

75
Q

Code Deploy

A

Developer Tools

Manages the deployment of code to compute services in the cloud or on premises

Deploy to: EC2, Fargate, Lambda, and on-premises

Maintains app uptime

Real-world uses:

Maintain app uptime when rolling out a new version

76
Q

CodePipeline

A

Developer Tools

Automates software release process

Quickly deliver new features and updates

Integrate with CodeBuild to run builds and tests

Integrate with CodeCommit to retrieve source code

Integrate with CodeDeploy to deploy changes

Real-world uses:

Add automation to building, testing, and deployment of your app

77
Q

X-Ray

A

Developer Tools

Debug and analyze production apps

Map app components

View requests end to end

Real-world uses:

Trace calls to RDS database

78
Q

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) -

A

Write a script to provision AWS resources. The benefit is that you provision resources in a reproducible manner that saves time

79
Q

CloudFormation

A

Deployment and Infrastructure

Allows you to provision AWS services using IaC

Works with most AWS services

Create templates

Real-world uses:

Automate the infrastructure provisioning process for EC2 servers

80
Q

Elastic Beanstalk

A

Deployment and Infrastructure

Allows you to deploy your web apps and web services to AWS

Orchestration service that provisions resources

Automatically handles deployment

Monitors app health via a health dashboard

Real-world uses:

Quickly deploy a scalable java-based web app to AWS

81
Q

OpsWorks

A

Deployment and Infrastructure

Deploy code and manage apps

Manage on-premises servers or EC2 instances in AWS cloud

Works with Chef and Puppet automation platforms

Real-world uses:

Automate software config and infrastructure management for your app

82
Q

Simple Queue Service (SQS)

A

Messaging and Integration

Message queueing service that allows you to build loosely coupled systems

Allows component-to-component communication using messages

Multiple components (or producers) can add messages to the queue

Messages are produced in an asynchronous manner

SQS in the real world:

Money transfer app that performs well under a heavy load

83
Q

Simple Notification Service (SNS)

A

Messaging and Integration

Send emails and texts

Publish messages to a topic

Subscribers receive messages

Real world:

Send email when CPU usage of EC2 instance goes above 80%. SNS works with cloud watch to send an email.

84
Q

Simple Email Service (SES)

A

Messaging and Integration

Send richly formatted HTML emails

Ideal for marketing or professional emails

Real world:

Track open and CTR of a marketing campaign

85
Q

Loose coupling -

A

(good thing) Helps reduce the risk of cascading failures between components

86
Q

Cascading –

A

One component breaks, which causes another component to break.. Etc.

87
Q

CloudWatch

A

Auditing, Monitoring, Logging

Collect metrics, logs, and events

Detect anomalies

Set alarms

Visualize logs

Real world uses:

Provide real-time monitoring on EC2 instance – send notification once it reaches

88
Q

CloudTrail

A

Auditing, Monitoring, Logging

Log and retain account activity

Track activity through console, SDK, CLI

Identify which user made changes

Detect unusual account activity

Real world uses:

Track the time a particular event occurred in your account

Things you can track

Username

Event time and name

IP address

Access key

Region

Error code

AWS Practitioner (5 decks)

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