technologies/disorders - kidney Flashcards

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1
Q

kidney role

A

removes the nitrogenous wastes and regulates osmoregulation (water/salt levels)

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2
Q

main parts of kidney

A

the three renals: cortex (outer), medulla (inners/collects waste), renal (waste products come/referred to as urine)

ureter; where urine stored til latter release by bladder

renal arteyr; provides rich blood to kidney

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3
Q

what are nephrons

A

functional unit of the kidney whic regulates blood composition & filtering unit in kidney to maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

main parts of nephrons

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. proximal convulated tubule
  3. loop of henle
  4. collecting system; collecting duct
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5
Q

what does glomerulus do and what is it contained in

A

contained in bowman’s capsule and the blood rushes through the blood vessels which are high pressure and its forcing all the
nutrients and waste products out– filtration occurs (passive)

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6
Q

what is proximal convoluted tubule

A

reabsorption occurs; all goods liek glucose and amino acids to ensure it remains in body to benefit it

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7
Q

what does henle loop do

A

Descending limb ; water reabsorption
Ascending limb ; sodium reabsorption

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8
Q

what about collecting system/collecting duct

A

the long duct –> majority of reabsorption of water occurs here under action of ADH hormone

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9
Q

what r the causess of kidney failure

A
  • diabetes (increased glucose levels)
  • hypertension (high blood pressure)
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10
Q

what is dialysis

A

artificial process in which watses in blood are removed via diffusion across a semi permeable membrane (only somethign allowed thro)

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11
Q

what is haemodialysis

A

cleans the patients blood outside of the body using machine called dialyser

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12
Q

how does haemodialysis work (b4 tubes stuck into dialyste)

A

blood from artery is pumped thro system of coiled tubes (to increase surface area for diffusion) –> made of artififcal semi permeable membrane

dialysis fluid has a composition similar to blood plasma and contains the normal lebels of water, salt and sufar to mimick health blood BUT NO UREA.

this causes urea and excess ions to diffuse out of blood (thro simple diffusion) - substancess move from high-low concentration

  • prevents removal of large molecules. )mimicking rule of glumerlus
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13
Q

how does hameodialysis work (after tubes stuck into dialyste)

A

-tubes are submerged into fluid called dialyste
-dialyste travels in opposite direction of blood in order to maintain concentration gradient across membrane to maximise diffusion.

fluid mimicks same concentration of useful substances (e.g glucose) as in normal blood but wo urea.

  • basically hameodialysis ensures all the excess usbtances are filtered out however there is no sense of reabsorption

once the blood is cleaned, it is placed back into vein via tubules

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14
Q

kidney transplants

A

waiting period is long
foreign materials - immune response
not affordable nor accessible

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