technologies/disorders - kidney Flashcards
kidney role
removes the nitrogenous wastes and regulates osmoregulation (water/salt levels)
main parts of kidney
the three renals: cortex (outer), medulla (inners/collects waste), renal (waste products come/referred to as urine)
ureter; where urine stored til latter release by bladder
renal arteyr; provides rich blood to kidney
what are nephrons
functional unit of the kidney whic regulates blood composition & filtering unit in kidney to maintain homeostasis
main parts of nephrons
- glomerulus
- proximal convulated tubule
- loop of henle
- collecting system; collecting duct
what does glomerulus do and what is it contained in
contained in bowman’s capsule and the blood rushes through the blood vessels which are high pressure and its forcing all the
nutrients and waste products out– filtration occurs (passive)
what is proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorption occurs; all goods liek glucose and amino acids to ensure it remains in body to benefit it
what does henle loop do
Descending limb ; water reabsorption
Ascending limb ; sodium reabsorption
what about collecting system/collecting duct
the long duct –> majority of reabsorption of water occurs here under action of ADH hormone
what r the causess of kidney failure
- diabetes (increased glucose levels)
- hypertension (high blood pressure)
what is dialysis
artificial process in which watses in blood are removed via diffusion across a semi permeable membrane (only somethign allowed thro)
what is haemodialysis
cleans the patients blood outside of the body using machine called dialyser
how does haemodialysis work (b4 tubes stuck into dialyste)
blood from artery is pumped thro system of coiled tubes (to increase surface area for diffusion) –> made of artififcal semi permeable membrane
dialysis fluid has a composition similar to blood plasma and contains the normal lebels of water, salt and sufar to mimick health blood BUT NO UREA.
this causes urea and excess ions to diffuse out of blood (thro simple diffusion) - substancess move from high-low concentration
- prevents removal of large molecules. )mimicking rule of glumerlus
how does hameodialysis work (after tubes stuck into dialyste)
-tubes are submerged into fluid called dialyste
-dialyste travels in opposite direction of blood in order to maintain concentration gradient across membrane to maximise diffusion.
fluid mimicks same concentration of useful substances (e.g glucose) as in normal blood but wo urea.
- basically hameodialysis ensures all the excess usbtances are filtered out however there is no sense of reabsorption
once the blood is cleaned, it is placed back into vein via tubules
kidney transplants
waiting period is long
foreign materials - immune response
not affordable nor accessible
