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Lively > Technological System > Flashcards

Technological System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a technological system?

A

A set of parts, mechanisms, devices, or machines that are assembled to accomplish a specific function

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2
Q

In order to understand technological system, so we must understand: (3)

A

-effects of forces on materials
-Basic mechanical functions
-Complex mechanical functions

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3
Q

Mechanical constraints describe

A

The effect produced within a material when it is subjected to external forces

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4
Q

What are the main forces (5)

A
  • Flexion (bending)
  • Tension
  • Compression
  • Shearing
  • Torsion
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5
Q

What is flexion?

A

Force that bends an object or materials

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6
Q

What’s tension?

A

Force that tends to stretch an object or materials or distance two parts

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7
Q

What’s compression?

A

Force that compresses or crushes an object or materials or brings two objects closer together

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8
Q

Shearing

A

Forces that cuts or tears an object or materials

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9
Q

Torsion

A

Force that twists an object or materials

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10
Q

The effects on materials (2)

A

Materials can only resist mechanical contraints (force) a certain amount before being deformed.

IF a force does to cause sone form of deformation, it may cause movement instead

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11
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

Temporary deformation, material returns to its original shape after the force is removed

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12
Q

What is plastic deformation?

A

Deformation remains after force removed

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13
Q

What is fracture deformation?

A

Break or rupture in material

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14
Q

Mechanical properties (2)

A

A mechanical property determines how much a material will react when subjected to one or more mechanical constraints

Choose materials based on their ability to react to different forces by resisting deformation (elastic or plastically)

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15
Q

Resisting deformation (2 & define)

A

Hardness: Resists being scratched penetrated or deformed
Ex: ceramic floors are hard

Compressive strength/stiffness: resists being compressed
Ex: Concrete resists deformation

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16
Q

Reacting by Elastic deformation

A

Tensile strength/rigidity: resists tension without becoming permanently deformed

Elasticity: Regains its initial shape after being subject to a force
Ex: polychloroprene (neoprene) is a stretchy material that shapes to the person that wears it

Resilience (usually compression): resists physical impacts (resists being permanently deformed) by absorbing shocks and forces
Ex: car bumpers are resilient, they allow cars to withstand impacts

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17
Q

Reacting by plastic deformation

A

Ductility: stretches without breaking
Ex: Copper is very ductile - it can be stretched to make wires

Malleability: flattens if bends to hold a new shape without breaking
Ex: aluminium is malleable enough to be flattened into sheets

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18
Q

Types of deformation

A
  • Elastic
  • Plastic
  • Fracture
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19
Q

Types of motion:

A
  • Unidirectional translation
  • Bidirectional translation
  • Unidirectional rotation
  • Bidirectional rotation
  • Unidirectional helical motion
  • Bidirectional helical motion
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20
Q

Translational motion

A

Motion describing a rectilinear trajectory in a same direction

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21
Q

Rotational motion

A

Motion describing a circular trajectory

22
Q

Helical motion

A

Motion describing a spiral trajectory

23
Q

What is a mechanical function?

A

The role played by a mechanism inside a more or less complex technical object

24
Q

What is a link?

A

A basic mechanical function which two or more parts are connected together

25
Q

What is guiding control?

A

A basic mechanical function which one or more parts allow an object to move in a certain way (rotational, translational or both)

26
Q

Types of links

A

Must be 4:
Direct or indirect
Removable or non-removable
Rigid or elastic
Complete or partial

27
Q

Direct vs indirect

A

Direct: A connection without an intermediate or link mechanism. The parts have complementary pieces

Indirect: A link which requires one or more intermediate mechanisms for example nails, a screw or glue

28
Q

Removable vs non-removable

A

Removable: this link can be used to separate the parts without damaging the link surface or parts

Non-removable: this link does not allow the connected parts to be separated without damaging them or the link mechanism

29
Q

Rigid vs elastic

A

Rigid: this link does not allow the position of the assembled parts to be changed

Elastic: this link allows the parts to be deformed. Usually use springs or rubber blocks

30
Q

Complete vs partial

A

Complete: this link does not allow the parts to move independently of each other. If one part moves the other will make the same motion

Partial: this link allows the connected parts to move independently of each other

31
Q

Rotational guide (2)

A

Only allows the rotation of moving parts
Cylindrical parts are best suited for this type of motion
Ex: hinges on a door

32
Q

Translational guide (2)

A

Only allows the translational movement of moving parts
Straight grooved parts are best suited for this motion

33
Q

Helical guide (2)

A

Enables parts to nove in a translational manner when these parts are rotated
Threaded parts are best suited for this type of motion

34
Q

Complex mechanical function

A

When a system’s role is t transfer a motion inside a technical object: consists of motion transformation or transmission

35
Q

Components of a system

A

Driver: root of system’s motion, receives the power and gives the motion
Driven component: the part that receives the motion and transmit it
Intermediate: the part in between driver and driven, connector

36
Q

What’s a motion transmission?

A

A transfer of motion through parts WITHOUT changing the type of motion

37
Q

The different types of system for motion transmission

A
  • friction gears
  • gear train
  • belt and pulley
  • chain and sprocket
  • worm and worm gears
38
Q

Friction gear system (3)

A
  • Rotational motion being transmitted by friction between two or more gears
  • Must be touching = no intermediate
  • No teeth and move in opposite direction
39
Q

Belt and pulley system (4)

A

-Rotational motion between two or more pulleys
-Transmitted by a belt (intermediate)
- inside belt, travel same direction (vice versa)
- needs sufficient adhesion which can be improved with notches or grooves

40
Q

Speed changes in gears and pulleys systems

A

bigger to smaller = increase and vice versa

41
Q

Gear trains (2)

A

-Rotational motion transmitted between two or more gears due to their teeth
-Gears in contact rotate in opposite directions

42
Q

Chain and sprocket (3)

A
  • Rotational motion transmitted between two or more sprockets
  • Linked by a chain (intermediate)
  • Same direction inside the chain (vice versa)
43
Q

Worm and worm gears

A
  • Use when a large reduction in rotational speed required
  • threaded worm (driver) contact toothed gear (driven)
  • 1 rotation = 1 tooth
44
Q

Reversibility (2)

A

A reversible system is when the driver component becomes the driving component
Motion transmission = change in speed (all except worm and worm gears)

45
Q

Motion transformation

A

A transfer of motion while CHANGING the type of motion

46
Q

Slider and crank

A
  • Reversible
  • Transforms rotational to translational or vice versa
    Ex: engine, pump

Components:
- Crank = rotationally
- Piston (slider) = translationally
- Rod = intermediate

47
Q

Cam and follower

A
  • non-reversible
  • Transforms rotational to translational

Components:
- Irregular shaped disc (cam/driver) rotates
- Rod (follower/driven) press

48
Q

Rack and pinion

A
  • Reversible
  • Transforms rotational motion into translational motion (vice versa)
    Ex: steering system, stage adjustment knobs

Components:
- straight rod or rack with the teeth which moves translationally
- gear with teeth (rotationally)

49
Q

Screw gear system

A
  • Transforms rotational motion to translational motion
  • Non-reversible

Components:
- nut and screw

50
Q

Design Plan

A
  • Simplified representation of a technical object
  • different colour for different materials

Includes:
- the names of the parts
- the motions performed by the parts, expressed in symbols
- the forces in actions, expressed in symbols

Lively (1 decks)

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