Technological Issues affecting Network performance

Question 1

Reason 1 for Congestion

Answer 1

ARP cache overflow: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. If ARP cache overflows, it can cause network congestion.

Question 2

Reason 2 for Congestion

Answer 2

QoS: Lack of traffic shaping or Quality of Service can cause congestion as all traffic is treated the same, regardless of priority. Without policing of voice, video and other heavy traffic these services can be unavailable or unreliable.

Question 3

Reasons 3 for Congestion

Answer 3

ICMP rate limiting: Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used for error reporting and diagnostics. If ICMP rate limiting is not configured properly, it can cause network congestion.

Question 4

Reason 4 for Congestion

Answer 4

TCP window scaling: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) window scaling is used to adjust the size of the data transmission window. If the scaling is not set correctly, it can cause network congestion.

Question 5

Reason 5 for Congestion

Answer 5

MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is the largest size of a packet that can be transmitted over a network. If the MTU is not set correctly, it can cause fragmentation of packets and network congestion.

Question 6

Reason 6 for Congestion

Answer 6

DNS: The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to translate domain names to IP addresses. If the DNS is not configured properly, it can cause network congestion by causing delays in resolving domain names.

Question 7

Reason 7 for Congestion

Answer 7

High Oversubscription Rate: users may experience slow connection speeds and poor performance. In cases of high network activity, such as peak hours, the available bandwidth may be completely consumed leading to no bandwidth for other users causing congestion.

Question 8

Example of High Oversubscription Rate

Answer 8

A network has a total of 100 Mbps of bandwidth but is divided among 1000 users, each user would have an allocation of 100 Kbps. This would result in an oversubscription rate of 1000:1. If all 1000 users were to simultaneously use their full allocation of 100 Kbps, the network would become congested and the users would experience slow connection speeds.