Technological Change Flashcards
What are the four types of technological change
Incremental innovation, radical innovation, change of the technological system and change of the technological paradigm
What are changes in the technology system
Great innovations that impact several sectors and create new ones
What are kondratiev K-waves
Key technologies encurage investment which lead to a time of prosperity but as the return on incremental improvements wavers so does investment and the economy. K-waves are also associated with paradigms and specific locations leading the wave such as english industrial machine-bureaucracy and silicon valley agile software development
What was the first k wave
First industrial revolution, english entrupenurs making textiles and iron workings in factories with less than a hundred employees
What was the second k wave
Steam powered industry in Britain europe and the US building ships machines and steal in large firms with over 1000 employees financed through limited liability and joint stock.
What was the third K wave
Mainly US and German merged cartels, monopolies and oligopolies as well as state owned firms building electrical machines, chemicals and war machines
What was the fourth k wave
American and European firms in oligopolistic competition producing automotive vehicles and synthetic materials
What is the fifth k-wave
American European and Asian firms of various sizes in global networks producing computers virtual services fiber-optics and biotechnology
In general product lifecycles have become shorter
True
What is scientfic management or taylorism
To subject the labor process to scientific investigation
What is forsissm
Assemblyline massproduction
What is the difference between manufacturing and machinofacture
Machinofacture is manufacturing with machines
What are national innovation systems
The way nations institutions, culture and education fosters inmovation. Looking at an innovation map the US, China and Japan are highly innovative both in science and in patents
Can tavcit and codified knowledge be transferred over distances
Ez for codified hard for tacit
What is innovation
Technological invention plus the commercialization of it into a product
Innovation is an interactive learning process involving multiple actors
producing “new combinations” of existing and new knowledge
True
What types of innovations are there
new goods, new methods of production, new markets (like in the honda case), new inputs and new ways of organization
Name the four types of inovation extent
incremental, radical, new system and new paradigme (k-wave)
What is dominant design theory
the s shaped development of how a new ide becomes a market standard first not a lot and then rapid adoption untill it reaches maturity
What are time space shrinking technologies
Transporation (communication) innovations
What areas domminate innovation
USA, China Sourh Korrea and Japan by patents and science literature
Innovation rests on local and global linkages
True, clusters depend on contacts to other clusters to be most efficient
There is uneven access to the internet
True, both between nations and between rural and urban
Why does the digital divide matter
Becouse the internet opens markets, tracks logistics, helps with hiering and spreads information
