Techniques

Question 1

4 Dimensions of Balanced Scorecard Technique

Answer 1

1. Learning and Growth
2. Business Process
3. Customer
4. Financial

Question 2

9 Building Blocks of Business Model Canvas Technique

Answer 2

1. Key Partnerships
2. Key Activities
3. Key Resources
4. Value Proposition
5. Customer Relationships
6. Channels
7. Customer Segments
8. Cost Structure
9. Revenue Streams

Question 3

Common Formats for User Stories/Acceptance Criteria

Answer 3

1. As a <who>, I need to <what>, so that <why></why></what></who>
2. Given…When…Then

Question 4

Types of Data Models

Answer 4

1. Conceptual data model
2. Logical data model
3. Physical data model

Question 5

Conceptual Data Model

Answer 5

Independent of any solution or technology & can be used to represent how the business perceives its information. Can be used to help establish a consistent vocabulary describing business information & the relationships with that information.

Question 6

Logical Data Model

Answer 6

An abstraction of the conceptual data model that incorporates rules of normalization to formally manage the integrity of the data & relationships. Associated with the design of a solution.

Question 7

Physical Data Model

Answer 7

Used by implementation subject matter experts to describe how a database is physically organized. Addresses concerns like performance, concurrency, & security.

Question 8

Cardinality

Answer 8

The minimum & maximum number of occurrences to which an entity may be related (0, 1, many).

Question 9

Data Model Types

Answer 9

1. Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs)
2. Class diagrams

Question 10

Process Modelling Notations

Answer 10

1. Flowcharts & Value Stream Mapping (VSM) - used in the business domain
2. Data Flow diagrams & Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams - used in the IT domain
3. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) - used across both business & IT domains & is increasingly adopted as an industry standard
4. Integrated DEFinition (IDEF) notation & Input, Guide, Output, Enabler (IGOE) diagrams - used for establishing scope
5. SIPOC & Value Stream Analysis - used for process modelling

Question 11

SIPOC Business Process Modelling Technique

Answer 11

Table that summarizes inputs & outputs from multiple processes (Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers).

Question 12

Estimation Methods

Answer 12

1. Top-down
2. Bottom-up
3. Parametric Estimation
4. Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM)
5. Rolling Wave
6. Delphi
7. PERT

Question 13

Top-Down Estimation

Answer 13

Examining the components at a high level in a hierarchical breakdown.

Question 14

Bottom-Up Estimation

Answer 14

Using the lowest-level elements of a hierarchical breakdown to examine the work in detail & estimate the individual cost or effort, & then summing across all elements to provide an overall estimate.

Question 15

Parametric Estimation

Answer 15

Use of a calibrated parametric model of the element attributes being estimated. It is important that the organization uses its own history to calibrate any parametric model, since the attribute values reflect the skills & abilities of both its staff & the processes used to do work.

Question 16

Rough Order of Magnitude (ROM) Estimation

Answer 16

A high-level estimate, generally based on limited information, which may have a very wide confidence interval.

Question 17

Rolling Wave Estimation

Answer 17

Repeated estimates throughout an initiative or project, providing detailed estimates for near-term activities (such as an iteration of the work) extrapolated for the remainder of the initiative or project.

Question 18

Delphi Estimation

Answer 18

Uses a combination of expert judgment & history. There are several variations on this process, but they all include individual estimates, sharing the estimates with experts, & having several rounds of estimation until consensus is reached. An average of the three estimates is used.

Question 19

PERT (Program Evaluation & Review Technique) Estimation

Answer 19

Each component of the estimate is given three values: (1) Optimistic value, representing the best-case scenario, (2) Pessimistic value, representing the worst-case scenario, (3) Most Likely value. Then a PERT value for each estimated component is computed as a weighted average: (Optimistic + Pessimistic + (4 times Most Likely))/6.

Question 20

Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) System

Answer 20

A prepackaged solution available in the marketplace which addresses all or most of the common needs of a large group of buyers of those solutions. May require some configuration to meet the specific needs of the enterprise.

Question 21

2 Commonly Used Relationships Between Use Cases

Answer 21

1. Extend
2. Include

Question 22

Extend Relationship (Use Cases)

Answer 22

Allows for the insertion of additional behaviour into a use case. The use case that is being extended must be completely functional in its own right & must not depend on the extending use case for its successful execution.

Question 23

Include Relationship (Use Cases)

Answer 23

Allows for the use case to make use of functionality present in another use case. The included use case does not need to be a complete use case in its own right if it is not directly triggered by an actor. This relationship is most often used either when some shared functionality is required by several use cases or to abstract out a complex piece of logic.

Question 24

What does the INVEST acronym stand for (user stories)?

Answer 24

Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, Testable

Question 25

Force Field Analysis

Answer 25

A graphical method for depicting the forces that support & opposed a change. Involved identifying the forces, depicting them on opposite sides of a line (support & opposing forces) & then estimating the strength of each set of forces.