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Technique CAMRT Reviewer > Technique, Physics > Flashcards

Technique, Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Lead foil screens are used in radiography:

A

☑️To improve the quality of the radiograph by preferentially reducing the effect of scatter radiation
☑️To reduce the exposure time

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2
Q

The sharpness of the outline in the image of the radiograph is a measure of:

A

Radiographic Definition

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3
Q

If a piece of lead 1/2-inch this is placed in the path of a beam of radiation emanating from cobalt-60, it will reduce the dose rate at a given location by:

A

One half

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4
Q

Two X-ray machines operating at the same nominal kilovoltage and milliamperage settings:

A

May give not only different intensities but also different qualities of radiation

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5
Q

If a fluorescent screen is accidentally exposed to unattenuated X-rays, which of the following occurs:

A

The screen is essentially undamaged

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6
Q

Movement, geometry, and screen contact are three factors that affect radiographic:

A

Unsharpness

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7
Q

An ______ is a charged part of an atom that can have either a +/- charge

A

Ion

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8
Q

When doing gamma-ray radiography with high-intensity emitters, the sources are best handled:

A

By remote handling equipment

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9
Q

A graph showing (logarithmic scale) the relation between material thickness, kilovoltage, and exposure time is called:

A

Exposure chart

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10
Q

Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic mass number.

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

The addition or removal of electrons is called.

A

Electrification

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12
Q

Atoms that have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass number.

A

Isomers

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13
Q

The force that keeps an electron in orbit.

A

Centripetal force

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14
Q

) It is the quantity of matter described by its energy equivalence.

A

Mass

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15
Q

The unit of the quantity of radioactive material.

A

Curie

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16
Q

Energy emitted and transferred through space.

A

Radiation

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17
Q

By using a___________ transformer, the incoming voltage can be adjusted in order to heat the filament of an x-ray tube; is about ________volts

A

Step Down, 10-12 volts

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18
Q

Which meter registers indicating x-ray exposure?

A

Milliamp meter

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19
Q

Which of the following applies to the filament transformer?

A

A step down transformer is needed

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20
Q

The purpose of the circuit breaker is to

A

Prevent overloading

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21
Q

The source of electrons is the

A

Cathode, filament

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22
Q

The positive end of the tube is referred to as the

A

Anode, focal spot

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23
Q

The most sensitive cells to ionizing radiation are

A

Reproductive cells

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24
Q

The best type of xray to penetrate body tissue is

A

Hard rays, short wavelengths

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25
Q

Milliamperage controls

A

Heating of the cathode

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26
Q

The portion of the target that is struck by electrons is called the

A

Focal spot

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27
Q

Filtration of the xray beam protects the patient by

A

Eliminating weak wavelength xrays from the xray beam

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28
Q

The term used to express the number of curies of radioactivity per gram or ounce of source weight is:

A

Specific activity

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29
Q

An advantage of the pocket dosimeter type of ionization chamber used to monitor radiation received by personnel is:

A

It provides an immediate indication of dosage

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30
Q

White crescent-shaped marks on an exposed X-ray film are most likely caused by:

A

Crimping film before exposure

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31
Q

As a check on the adequacy of the radiographic technique, it is customary to place a standard test piece on the source side of the specimen. This standard test piece is called a:

A

Penetrameter

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32
Q

The intensity of X or Gamma radiation is measured in:

A

Roentgens per unit of time

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33
Q

Film graininess greatly affects the amount of __________ on a radiograph.

A

Definition

☑️ Film graininess affects definition, whenever penumbra can be reduced it will also improve the definition

34
Q

When referring to a “2T” or “4T” hole in the ASTM penetrameter, the T refers to:

A

The penetrameter thickness

35
Q

As the kilovoltage applied to the X-ray tube is raised:

A

X rays of shorter wavelength and more penetrating power are produced

36
Q

The accidental movement of the specimen or film during exposure or the use of a focus-film distance that is too small will:

A

Result in a unsharpness or the radiograph

37
Q

True or False

The term ‘’ absorption’’ refers to the ability of a material to permit X-rays to penetrate without loss of energy.

A

False

☑️absorption is dependent upon the thickness and density at that point.
absorption- the ability of the specimen to BLOCK the PASSAGE of X-RAYS through the material.

38
Q

The purpose of agitating an X-ray film during development is to:

A

Renew the developer at the surface of the film

39
Q

Amount of energy deposited per unit mass (J/kg)

A

Absorbed dose

40
Q

Frequency and wavelength are ________________ to each other.

A

Inversely proportional

41
Q

The activity of the developer solution is maintained stable by:

A

Addition of Replenisher

42
Q

Cobalt 60 used in nondestructive testing emits:

A

Gamma Rays

43
Q

When the minute silver grains on which the xray film image is formed group together in relatively large masses, they produce a visual impression called

A

Graininess

44
Q

Term used to describe the loss of excess energy by the nucleus of radioactive atoms is called

A

Decay (disintegration)

45
Q

A large source can be compensated by:

A

Increasing the source-to-specimen distance.

46
Q

A radioactive source with an activity of one curie has:

A

3.7 x 10^10 disintegrations per second taking place

47
Q

Unit of absorbed dose

A

rad

48
Q

Atomic mass number represents

A

Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

49
Q

It is a type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts.

A

Ionizing Radiation

50
Q

SI Unit for radiation exposure to air is

A

Air Kerma

51
Q

Largest source of natural environmental radiation

A

Radon

52
Q

Smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

53
Q

What process by which xray are produced?

A

Bremstrahlung and Photoelectric

54
Q

Unit of current

A

Ampere

55
Q

A cathode is a filament composed of

A

Tungsten

56
Q

The time period between the effects of cumulative radiation and visible tissue damage is the

A

Latent Period

57
Q

To avoid exposure to the secondary radiation , the operator should stand

A

At least 6 feet from the xray head

58
Q

Film speed is determined by the

A

Size of the silver bromide crystal

59
Q

The radiographic film is covered with an emulsion of

A

Silver Bromide Crystal

60
Q

A material substance that does not stop or absorb xrays is known as

A

Radiolucent

61
Q

A latent image is

A

Composed of energized silver halide crystals

62
Q

Black lines across the film may be result of

A

Excessive bending

63
Q

As the target-film distance is increased, the

A

Less distortion

64
Q

If a film is exposed on the wrong aide, the result would be

A

A herringbone pattern

65
Q

The difference in density in various regions of a radiograph is called

A

Contrast

66
Q

The developing solution should

A

Always be covered

67
Q

Films left overnight in the fixer

A

Will be clear

68
Q

The fixing solution is

A

Acidic

69
Q

Fixing the film

A

Removes the unaffected silver salts

70
Q

For the developing solutions to work, the solution must be

A

Basic

71
Q

Reticulation is

A

Cracking of the film emulsion

72
Q

Air gap technique

A 
☑️reduces scatter
☑️increases contrast
☑️IP 10-15 cm away from pt
☑️mAs increase 10% for every cm gap
☑️Not effective with high kV
73
Q

Energy is measured in

A

Joules or electron volts

74
Q

Removal of electeon from an atom

A

Ionization

75
Q

Exposure is measured in unit of

A

Gray

76
Q

When were x-rays discovered?

A

Nov 8, 1895

77
Q

Defined as an instantaneous production of the light only during an interaction between a type of energy and some element or compound

A

Fluorescence

78
Q

Fluorescent material that glowed when tube is energized

A

Barium platinocyanide

79
Q

Xrays used in radiography have wavelengths that are measure in

A

Angstroms

80
Q

Unit of Frequency

A

Hertz

81
Q

Xrays used in radiography have wavelenth from

A

0.1 to 1 A

Technique CAMRT Reviewer (1 decks)

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