Technician - pretest Flashcards
regulating Agency united states
FCC
Ham radio intended for
Solely personal aim
FCC ham rules
Part 97
Definition telecomand
One way transmission
Recommends channels for aux and repeaters
Frequency coordinator
Station transmits from remote to repeater
Auxiliary station
ITU
United Nations
North American ITU region
2
6 meter band
52.525
146.52
2 meter band
70 cm technician ITU 2 frequency
443.350
23 cm technician frequency
1296
Modes permitted at 50 to 50.1 and 144 to 144.1
CW only
Single letter used for
Event
Valid US call
w3abc
When foreign transmission allowed
Authorized
If Interfering with radiolocation outside US
Stop operating
Term for license
10 years
Grace period
2 years
Countries prohibited
Any notified ITU
Equipment sale
Not regular basis
Authorized broadcasting, program production
Immediate safety
Meaning of broadcasting
Reception by public
Communications Permitted
Adjustments
Must control operator
Transmitting
Who designates operator
Station Licensee
Determines transmitting privileges
Class of control operator
Who Controls transmitting handheld
Local
Control indirectly adjustments
Remote
FCC presumes control operator
Station licensee
ID for race HQ
Tactical call
How often give call sign
10 min
Must give call sign
10 min and end
Station ID language
English
Call sign for phone transmission
CW or phone
Restrictions for self assigned call
Must not conflict
When technician in exclusive extra class segment
Never
Station that retransmits on another frequency
Repeater
Who accountable for transmit violation
Control operator originating station
club members required
4
FM simplex 70cm
446.000
Repeater frequency offset 70 cm
5 mhz
Response to CQ
Other call sign - your call sign
To do test transmission
ID transmitting station
CQ means
Any station
Transmitting and receiving on same frequency
Simplex
Sub-audible with normal voice to open squelch
CTCSS
Deviation of FM signal
Just amplitude
Increase deviation FM
Occupies more bandwidth
ID when using phone
Call sign in CW and voice
Q sig for interference
QRM
Q sig for changing frequency
QSY
Rules for ham
FCC
Races and Ares
Emergencies
Min disruptions emergency net
Wait til asked to transmit
Most important job
Passing message exactly
When safety gives authorization
Normal not available
Polarization for long dist weak CW and SSB VHF and UHF
Horizontal
Antennas opposite end VHF or UHF line of site not same polarization
Significantly weaker
Rapid fluttering from mobile
Picket fencing
Type of wave used
Electromagnet
Skip reflections between earth and ionosphere
Polarization of signal is randomized
Propagation over multiple paths
Errors increase
Enables propagation
Ionosphere
Distance of 1 radio cycle
Wavelength
Times per sec AC reverses direction
Frequency
2 components of radio wave
Electric and magnetic
Radio wave speed
Speed of light
Relationship of length to frequency
Inverse
Formula frequency to wavelength in meters
300 divided by frequency MHz
How to identify frequency bands
Approximate wavelength
Frequency limits VHF
30 to 300 MHz
Frequency range HF
3 to 30 MHz
Why non repeated UHF only local
Not reflected by ionosphere
When VHF signals found long distance usually because
Refracted from sporadic E layer
Characteristic of VHF auroral reflection
Rapid fluctuations of strength and sound distorted
Propagation types of strong over-horizon signals on 10, 6, and 2 meter
Sporadic E
Knife-edge propagation
Partially refracted around solid objects showing sharp edges
Meteor scatter band
6 meters
Tropospheric ducting cause
Temp inversions
Best time for long distance 10 meter
Daylight
Why UHF and VHF beyond line of sight
Seems less curved to radio
Replacement for speaker
Headphones
Filter location for harmonic emissions
Transmitter and antenna
Best conductor for RF grounding
Flat strap
To reduce RF on the shield of audio cable
Ferrite choke
Varying High pitched whine
Alternator
Connect mobile power negative
Battery or engine ground strap
To enter operator frequency
Keypad or VFO knob
Favorite frequency access
Memory channel
Reduce ignition interference
Noise blanker
Receive filter for SSB
2400 Hz
Receive filter for CW
500 Hz
Repeater offset
Diff between transmit and receive
Power
Watts
Electron flow
Current
Current in one direction
DC
Force (EMF) that causes electron flow
Voltage
Mobile transceiver voltage
12 volts
Good conductor
Copper
Good insulator
Glass
Rate electric used
Power
Elec force unit
Volt
1.5 amp
1500 milli
1,500,000 Hz
1500 kHz
Kilovolt
1000 volts
Microvolt
1 millionth of volt
500 milliwatts
0.5 watts
3000 milliamper current
3 ampers
3.525 MHz
3525 kHz
1,000,000 picofarads
1 micro
Change in dB 5 watts to 10 watts
3 dB
Change in dB decrease 12 watts to 3 watts
6 dB
Change dB 20 watts to 200 watts
10 dB
Unit of capacitance
Farad
Ability to store magnetic
Inductance
Unit inductance
Henry
Unit frequency
Hz
All radio signals
RF
Waves in space
Radio
Power used 12 volts and current 2.5 amp
30 watts
Amperes in 12 volts and load 120 watts
10 amps
Current (I) =
Voltage (E) / Resistance (R)
Resistance (R) =
Voltage (E) / current (I)
3amp current thru resistor connected to 90 volts = ? Resistance
30 ohms
Applied voltage 12 volts and current 1.5 amp = ? Resistance
8 ohms
Circuit draws 4 amps from 12 volt source
3 ohms
Voltage 120 and 80 ohm resistance = ? Current flow
1.5 amp
100 ohm resistor and 200 volts =? Current
2 amp
24 ohm resistor and 240 volts = ? Current
10 amp
2 ohm resistor and 0.5 amp current = ? Voltage
1 volt
10 ohm resistor and 1 amp current = ? Voltage
10 volts
10 ohm resistor and 2 amp current = ? Voltage
20 volts
Component to oppose DC current
Resistor
Adjustable volume control device
Potentiometer
Parameter controlled by potentiometer
Resistance
2 or more conductive surfaces separated by an insulator
Capacitorw
Component that stores energy in magnetic field
Inductor
Component composed of coil of wire
Inductor
Component to connect/ disconnect electrical circuits
Switch
Components used to protect components from current overloads
Fuse
Nominal voltage of nickel cadmium cell
1.2 volts
Batter type not rechargeable
Carbon zinc
Class of components Uses voltage or current signal to control flow
Transistors
Allows flow in only one direction
Diode
Used as switch or amplifier
Transistor
Can amplify signals
Transistor
To identify diode’s cathode lead
A stripe
LED means
Light emitting diode
FET means
Field effect transister
Semiconductor component with emitter electrode
Bipolar transistor
Transistors ability to amplify a signal is called
Gain
Standardized representations of components
Schematic symbols
Study pages 11-43 thru11-47
L
Changes an AC into varying DC signal
Rectifier
Used to display signal strength on a numerical scale
Meter
Controls amount of voltage from power supply
Regulator
Used to change 120v AC to lower AC
Transformer
Used as visual indicator
LED
Used with inductor to make tuned circuit
Capacitor
Combines several semiconductors and other components into one package
Integrated circuit
Common use of coax
Carry RF between radio and antenna
Function of product detector
Detect CW and SSB signals
11-48 thru 11-50
.
Function of mixer in superheterodyne receiver
Shift incoming signal to intermediate frequency
Takes output of low powered 28 MHz SSB and produces 222 MHz signal
Transverter
Combines speech signal and RF carrier
Modulator
Most useful for VHF weak signal communication
Multi-mode VHF transceiver
Increases low power output from a handheld transceiver
RF power amplifier
Demodulates FM signals
Discriminator
Ability to discriminate between multiple signals
Selectivity
Where is RF preamplifier installed
Between antenna and receiver
What is fundamental overload in reference to a reciever
Interference caused by very strong signals
1st step to cure telephone frequency interference
RF filter at the telephone
BER means
Bit error rate
Instrument to determine antenna resonance at the desired operating frequency
Antenna analyzer
Standing wave ratio (SWR) means
How well load matches a transmission line
SWR perfect impedance between antenna and feed line
1 to 1
Max SWR before solid state transmitters protection circuits reduce transmitter power
2 to 1
SWR of 4 to 1 means
impedance mismatch
Power lost in feed line
Converted to heat.
Most common cause of coax failure
Moisture contamination
Instrument for measuring electric potential or electromotive force
Voltmeter
Way to connect voltmeter to a circuit
Parallel with the circuit
How is ammeter connected to a circuit
Series with a circuit
Measures electric current
Ammeter
Used to measure resistance
Ohmmeter
Measured with multimeter
Voltage and resistance
Solder for radio equipment
Rosin-core
Cold solder joint appearance
Grainy or dull
Precautions when measuring circuit resistance with ohmmeter
Circuit is not powered
form of amplitude modulation
Single side band
Modulation used for VHF packet radio transmission
FM
Voice modulation used for long-distance or weak signal contacts on VHF and UHF bands
SSB
Modulation used for VHF and UHF voice repeaters
FM
Emmission with narrowest bandwidth
CW
Sideband used for 10 meter HF, VHF, and UHF
Upper sideband
Advantage of SSB over FM for voice transmission
SSB have narrower bandwidth
Bandwidth of SSB voice signal
3khz
Bandwidth of VHF repeater FM phone signal
Between 5 and 15 kHz
Bandwidth of analog fast-scan tv transmission of 70 cm band
6 MHz
Max bandwidth to transmit CW
150 hz
Who can contact international space station on 2 meter and 70 meter
Technician or higher
What is U/V mode
Uplink is 70 cm and downlink is 2 meter
Cause of spin fading
Rotation of satellite
What is LEO
Low earth orbit
Method of signaling digital satellite
FM packet
Useful for a hidden transmitter hunt
Directional antenna
Contacting as many stations as possible
Contesting
Contest strategy
Minimum info
A grid locator is
Letter-number designator assigned to geographic location
Purpose of “1 by 1” call sign
Activity of special significance
Max power allowed for telecommand to radio controlled models
1 watt
On-air station ID substitute for radio control models
Label with licensee name, call sign, address affixed to the transmitter
To Obtain active nodes using VoIP
Repeater directory
Device connecting stations to Internet
Gateway
Used to send auto location reports via radio
GPS
NTSC
Analog fast scan color tv signal
Technician class modes between 219 and 220
Data
PSK
Phase shift keying
PSK31
Low- rate data transmission
Beam antenna
One direction
Vertical antennas
Perpendicular to earth
To make dipole resonate on higher frequency
Shorten it
Quad, Yagi, and dish
Directional antennas
Approx length of a quarter-wavelength vertical antenna for 146 MHz
19 inches
Length of 6 meter 1/2 wavelength wire dipole antenna
112 inches
Strongest radiation direction of half-wave dipole in free space
Broadside to the antenna
Value of low SWR in antenna with coax feed line
Efficient transfer of power and low loss
Impedance of common coax
50 ohm
Connector best for frequencies above 400 MHz
Type N
As frequency of signal increases in coax
Loss increases
Why should coax connectors be sealed against weather
To prevent increase in feed line loss
Cause of erratic changes in SWR
Loose connection in antenna feed line
What electrical difference exists between smaller Rg-58 and larger RG-8 coax
8 has less loss at a given frequency
Feed line with lowest loss at VHF and UHF
Air insulated hard line
Lowest voltage to cause dangerous shock
30 volts
Green wire =
Safety ground
Fuse does
Interrupt overload
Why not install 20-amp fuse for 5 amp fuse
Could cause fire
Caution for lightening protection in coax cable feedline
Ground all to common plate which is connected to external ground
To recharge 12-volt lead acid battery if power out
Use car battery
12-volt battery hazard
Explosive gas if not vented
When installing ground wires on a tower for lightening protection
Short and direct connections
Before climbing antenna tower
Harness and safety goggles
When putting up tower
Watch for power lines
Gin pole for?
Lift tower sections or antennas
When using crank-up tower
Never climb unless fully retracted
Proper grounding method for a tower
Separate 8 foot ground rods for each leg bonded to tower and each other
Don’t attach antenna to utility pole because
High- voltage power lines
Grounding conductors used for lightening protection
Avoid sharp bends
Grounding requirements for tower or antenna
Electrical codes
Frequency with lowest max exposure limit
50 MHz
Max power level station may use at VHF frequencies before RF exposure evaluation required
50 watts PEP at the antenna
Touch antenna
RF burn
To prevent RF exposure
Relocate antenna
Ensuring compliance with RF safety regs
Re-evaluate when equipment changed
Why duty cycle considered
Affects average exposure to radiation
Duty cycle?
Ratio of on-air time to total operating time of signal
