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Sampada 1 > Technical terms > Flashcards

Technical terms Flashcards

Sangeetham, Sruthi, Swaram, Arohanam, Avarohanam, Murchana, Sthayi, Purvangam, Utharangam, Dhathu, Mathu, Aksharakala, Trikala, Thouryatrikam, Talam, Avarthanam, Talangas, Jati, Saptatalas, Bharatam, Gandharvam, Nadham,

1
Q

Sangeetham

A
  • Indian term for MUSIC
  • melodious/pleasant music
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2
Q

Vocal+Instrumental+Dance

A

Sangeetham
*eventually, dance was seperated.

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3
Q

Sruthi

A
  • Audible sound heard distinctly
  • musical sound (can be detected by well trained ears)
    -ADHARA SHADJAM (all swarams derived from here)
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4
Q

Swaram

A
  • Musical note, pleasing to ears
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5
Q

Arohanam

A

Series of swarams in ASCENDING ORDER
(S R G M P D N S)

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6
Q

Avarohanam

A

Series of swarams in DESCENDING ORDER
(S N D P M G R S)

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7
Q

Murchanam

A

Arohanam & Avarohanam sung together

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8
Q

Sthayi

A

Series of swarams, beginning w/ SA and ending w/ NI (OCTAVE)

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9
Q

5 Sthayis

A

Anu-mandra, Mandra, Madhya, Thara, Ati-Thara

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10
Q

Normal range of human voice

A

Mandra, madhya, thara sthayis

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11
Q

Swarams lower than madhya sthayi SA form…

A

Mandra sthayi

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12
Q

Swarams higher than Madhya sthayi NI form…

A

Thara Sthayi

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13
Q

Where are anu-mandra & Ati-thara Sthayi sometimes used?

A

Instrumental Music

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14
Q

How many dots do anu-mandra sthayi swaras have?

A

Two, below

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15
Q

How many dots do mandra sthayi swaras have?

A

One, below

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16
Q

How many dots do madhya sthayi swaras have?

A

0

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17
Q

How many dots do thara sthayi swaras have?

A

One, above

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18
Q

How many dots do ati-thara sthayi swaras have?

A

Two, above

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19
Q

Purvangam

A

Group of first 4 swarams
(Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma)

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20
Q

Uttarangam

A

Group of last 3 swaras (Pa, Dha, Ni)

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21
Q

Dhathu(vu)

A

Swaram

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22
Q

Mathu(vu)

A

Sahityam

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23
Q

Akshara Kala

A

Unit time in music (Ex: Chaturasra Jati Dhruva talam has 14 akshara kalas)

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24
Q

Kala

A

Speed of musical piece

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25
Q

Prathama Kala

A

1 note per akshara kala/beat

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26
Q

Dvithiya Kala

A

2 notes per akshara kala

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27
Q

Tritiya kala

A

4 notes per akshara kala

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28
Q

Thouryatrikam

A

Music, Instrumental & dance combined

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29
Q

Talam

A

Musical time or measure

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30
Q

Avarthanam

A

1 COMPLETE cycle of talam

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31
Q

How may talangas are there?

A

6

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32
Q

Laghu symbol

A

I

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33
Q

Number of aksharas in laghu

A

3/4/5/7/9 (depending on jati)

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34
Q

dhrutham symbol

A

O

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35
Q

No. of aksharas in dhrutham

A

2

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36
Q

anudhrutham symbol

A

U

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37
Q

No. of aksharas in anudhrutam

A

1

38
Q

Guru symbol

A

8

39
Q

No. of aksharas in guru

A

8

40
Q

plutam symbol

A

8^1

41
Q

No. of aksharas in plutam

A

12

42
Q

Kakapadam symbol

A

+

43
Q

No. of aksharas in kakapadam

A

16

44
Q

Which of the shadangas has variations in number of aksharas?

A

laghu

45
Q

thisra

A

3

46
Q

chaturasra

A

4

47
Q

khanda

A

5

48
Q

mishra

A

7

49
Q

sankeerna

A

9

50
Q

Dhruva talam symbol

A

IOII

51
Q

Matya talam symbol

A

IOI

52
Q

Rupaka talam symbol

A

OI

53
Q

Jhampa talam symbol

A

IUO

54
Q

Triputa talam symbol

A

IO

55
Q

Ata talam symbol

A

IIOO

56
Q

Eka talam symbol

A

I

57
Q

Who brought Gandharvam (music) to Bhooloka?

A

Bharata muni

58
Q

Gandharvam

A

refers to Sangeetham

59
Q

Gandharva Ghanam

A

Music performed by the Gandharvas

60
Q

Bharatham

A

attributes of music

61
Q

Syllable “Bha” in Bharatam

A

Bhavam (expression)

62
Q

Syllable “ra” in Bharatam

A

Ragam

63
Q

Syllable “tha” in Bharatam

A

Talam

64
Q

Naadham

A

Sound generated by prana (life) & agni (fire)

65
Q

2 types of Naadham

A

Ahata naadham

Anahata naadham

66
Q

How do we get 35 talams?

A

Saptatalas * Panchajatis = 35 talams

67
Q

What are the 3 most used talangas?

A

Laghu, dhrutam, anu-dhrutam

68
Q

Of the 3 most used talangas, which two are fixed?

A

dhrutam, anu-dhrutam

69
Q

How do the # of aksharas in a laghu vary?

A

based on the jati

70
Q

How to write thisra jati laghu

A

I(3)

70
Q

How to write chaturasra jati laghu

A

I(4)

71
Q

How to write khanda jati laghu

A

I(5)

72
Q

How to write mishra jati laghu

A

I(7)

73
Q

How to write Sankeerna jati laghu

A

I(9)

74
Q

Which of the four vedas did Indian music come from?

A

Sama Veda

It’s also known as Gandharva Veda.

75
Q

What are the 5 (ahata) naadams humans can produce?

A
  • Ati sukshma (through the naval part, very subtle)
  • Sukshma (through the heart, subtle)
  • Pushta (through the voice box, strong)
  • Apushta (through the head, soft)
  • Kritrima (through the nose, artificial)
76
Q

What are Ahata and Anahata naadam?

A

**Ahata: **Produced in human body & by instruments
**Anahata: **can’t be heard by human ears

77
Q

Naadam produced by the human body

(Ex-Singing)

A

Shaariraja

78
Q

Naadam produced by fingers/nails on string instruments

(Ex- Veena)

A

Nakhaja

79
Q

Naadam produced by bowed instruments

(EX- Violin)

A

Dhanurja

80
Q

Naadam produced by wind instruments

(Ex-Flute)

A

Vaayuja

81
Q

Naadam produced by percussion instruments

(Ex-Mridangam)

A

Charmaja

82
Q

Naadam produced by metal instruments

(Ex- Bell)

A

Lohaja

83
Q

What happens if naadam is practiced in the correct way?

A

He/She evolves into a supreme human being and becomes one with the Brahman (god).

84
Q

Why is Sa called Shadjam?

A

Because it comes from 6 places in the mouth

Shad = 6

85
Q

Why is Ri called Rishabam?

A

It is meant to be strong like a bull

vrishaba = bull

86
Q

Why is Ga called Gandharam?

A

It is meant to sound fine and blissful

87
Q

Why is Ma called Madhyamam?

A

It is the middle note

madhya = middle

88
Q
A
89
Q

Why is Pa called Panchamam?

A

It is the 5th note

Pancha = 5

90
Q

Why is Dha called Dhaivatam?

A

It is meant to sound valorous

91
Q

Why is Ni called Nishadam?

A

It’s the ultimate note

Sampada 1 (7 decks)

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