Technical Terms

Question 1

Block Storage

Answer 1

Where data is written as individual pieces to a storage device.

Question 2

Bucket

Answer 2

A permanent container that holds objects.
Bucket sizes are virtually unlimited with the ability to host a static web site, retain version information on objects, and employ life-cycle management policies to balance version retention with bucket size and cost.

Question 3

JSON

Answer 3

JavaScript Objection Notation
A lightweight format for storing and transporting data. It is often used when data is sent from a server to a webpage.

Data is in name/value pairs, separated by commas, curly braces hold objects and square brackets hold arrays.

{
“employees”:[
{“firstName”:”John”, “lastName”:”Doe”},
{“firstName”:”Anna”, “lastName”:”Smith”},
{“firstName”:”Peter”, “lastName”:”Jones”}
]
}

Question 4

Bucket Tags

Answer 4

A cost allocation tag that is associated with an S3 bucket, activated through the billing and Cost Management console for cost allocation tracking.

Question 5

Cached Data

Answer 5

Files, scripts, images, and other multimedia stored after opening an app or visiting a website for the first time; data used when an app is relaunched to reduce load time.

Question 6

Cloud Computing

Answer 6

The on-demand delivery of IT resources over the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.

The aggregated cloud usage from a large number of customers results in lower pay-as-you-go prices.

Coffee shop analogy:

You don’t staff a coffee shop 24/7 the same that you would during peak hours.

Question 7

Consolidated Billing

Pricing and Support

Answer 7

Enables single billing for all AWS accounts and share bulk discount pricing. A feature of AWS Organizations.

Question 8

Coupling

Answer 8

The degree of interdependence between software modules/components.

A measure of how closely connected two routines or modules are.

Question 9

DNS

Answer 9

Domain Name System
Translates a website name or domain name into an IP address, used by Amazon S3 to route requests to facilities that can process them.

Question 10

Endpoint

Answer 10

A remote computing device that communicates back and forth with a network to which it is connected.

Question 11

File Storage

Answer 11

A hierarchy of directories and subdirectories.

Question 12

Hypervisor

Answer 12

Coordinates multitenancy, isolates virtual machines from each other as they share resources from the host.
EC2 instances are secure and separate from each other.

Question 13

Instances

Answer 13

Virtual computers in the cloud.
The user determines the computing options (CPU, memory, storage, etc.), operating system, and maintains all security, patching, and scaling.

Question 14

Load Balancer

Answer 14

Acts as a single point of contact for all incoming web traffic, then requests spread across multiple resources that will handle them.
All requests route to the load balancer first.

Question 15

MFA

Answer 15

Multi-Factor Authentication

Provides an extra layer of security for an AWS account.

Question 16

Multitenancy

Answer 16

Sharing underlying hardware between virtual machines.

Question 17

Object Storage

Answer 17

A flat structure where a piece of data (object) is stored in a single repository called a bucket.

Objects can be organized to imitate a hierarchy by using prefixes and delimiters, which gives an appearance of a folder/subfolder structure.

Question 18

OUs

Answer 18

Organizational Units

Groups accounts to manage accounts with similar business or security requirements.

Question 19

REST API

Answer 19

An HTTP interface to Amazon S3 to create, fetch, and delete buckets and objects via a unique URL that identifies the resource.

Question 20

Scalability

Answer 20

Beginning with needed resources and designing architecture to automactically respond to changing demands by scaling out or in.
- Automatic scaling is EC2 AutoScaling
At any minute of the day, there are always enough instances.

Benefit to working on a decoupled system - having exactly the right amount of power for each part of your processes rather than overprovisioning to solve a separate problem.

Question 21

SCPs

Answer 21

Service Control Policies

Enables permission control for AWS accounts (restrictions on AWS services, resources, and individual API actions that users and roles in each account can access).

Question 22

Security Groups

Answer 22

A virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic for EC2 instances.

It can be modified to configure which traffic to allow or deny.

Multiple EC2 instances in a subnet can be configured with different security groups or the same security group.

Security groups are stateful (use previous traffic patterns and flows when evaluating new requests for an instance) and deny all inbound traffic by default.

Question 23

Serverless

Answer 23

A virtual machine that can be used to build and run applications without spending the time building and maintaining physical servers (hardware, network, operating system).

Question 24

Shared Responsibility Model

Answer 24

AWS is responsible for security of the cloud (physical location of EC2 servers, network, hypervisor).

Customer: Responsible for security in the cloud, the operating system, application, and data.

AWS does not have a backdoor access into the OS and is unable to apply patches, fixes, etc.

Question 25

Tightly Coupled Architecture (Monolithic Application)

Answer 25

If a single component fails, other components fail and possibly the entire application will fail.

Question 26

VPN

Answer 26

Virtual Private Network
The connection that encrypts or protects internet traffic from all other requests around it (a bodyguard); establishes the connection between APC and private networks (on-premise data centers or internal corporate networks.

Question 27

TAM

Answer 27

Technical Account Manager

Primary point of contact at AWS for the Enterprise Support plan.

Question 28

Reliability

5 Pillars of AWS Well-Architected Framework

Answer 28

The ability to recover from failures and meet demand in foundations, workload architecture, change management, and failure management.

Question 29

Security

5 Pillars of AWS Well-Architected Framework

Answer 29

The ability to protect information, systems, and assets while delivering business value through risk assessments and mitigation strategies.

Identity and access management, detection, infrastructure protection, data protection, and incident response.

Question 30

Performance Efficiency

5 Pillars of AWS Well-Architected Framework

Answer 30

The ability to use computing resources efficiently to meet system requirements, and to maintain efficiency as demand changes and technologies evolves.

Selection of resource types, reviewing selection, monitor performance, and making architectural trade-offs to maximize your performance efficiency.

Question 31

Operational Excellence

5 Pillars of AWS Well-Architected Framework

Answer 31

The ability to run and monitor systems to deliver business value and to continually improve supporting processes and procedures.

Organization, preparation, operation, and evolution.

Question 32

Cost Optimization

5 Pillars of AWS Well-Architected Framework

Answer 32

The ability to achieve business outcomes at the lowest price point.

Practice cloud financial management, awareness of expenditure and usage, cost effective resources, manage demand and supply resources, optimizing over time

Question 33

Client-Server Model

Answer 33

A client is a web browser or desktop application that a person interacts with to make requests to computer servers.

A server (physical or virtual) evaluates the details of the request and returns information back to the client.

Coffee shop analogy:

Customer = client | Barista = server (Amazon EC2)

Question 34

Private Cloud Deployment

Answer 34

On-premise deployment in which resources are deployed on premise by using virtualization and resource management tools.

Question 35

Multitenancy

Answer 35

Sharing underlying hardware between virtual machines.

• Multiple EC2 instances all run on the same host machine/server.