Technical Skills Flashcards
Test
Term used to describe how both eyes work together in sync?
Binocular
Term used to describe the smallest blood vessels that networks to exchange O2, nutrients and waste materials.
Capillaries
What is the nickname for the pharynx?
Throat
What is the nickname for the larynx?
Voice Box
What is the nickname for the trachea?
Windpipe
What does it mean for your patient to have 20/20 vision (i.e. what does each 20 mean?)
A person can read at 20 feet what a normal person would read at 20.
Which side of the heart is oxygenated and which side is deoxygenated?
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood.
What is visual acuity?
Ability to distinguish an object’s details and shape at a distance.
What is PERRLA (acronym and what it tests)?
Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light and Accommodation, Muscles within iris that control the amount of light that enters the eye.
If a patient just had hip surgery, what type of scale would be best for this patient?
Bed scale.
What does your diaphragm do when you inhale? What does it do when you exhale?
When you inhale the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward, vacuum created and draws air. When you exhale the diaphragm relaxes, and moves upward and pushes air out of lungs.
Name all of the temperature routes. What is the most common route? Least common? Least accurate?
All of the routes are oral, axillary (armpit), rectally (butt), aurally (ear), temporal (forehead), and catheters. The most common route is usually oral, while the least common is often the axillary route.
Know the flow of blood through the heart (there are 14 steps)
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava, Right Atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Arteries, Lunges, Pulmonary Veins, Left Atrium, Bicuspid/Mitral Valve, Left Ventricle, Aortic Valve, Aorta, Rest of the body.
Know how you see (slide 18)
Light enters the eye and is refracted (bent) by the cornea, the outermost part of the eye. The refracted light is directed at the pupil, in the center of the iris. The iris can change the pupil size to allow more or less light into the eye. Light goes through the pupil and is redirected by the eye’s lens which points the light at nerve cells in the back of your eye. (The eye actually interprets the image upside down) These nerve cells then send nerve impulses through the optic nerve to the brain where it is interpreted.
What are the muscles in your eyes doing when you need to decrease light? Increase light?
To decrease light, muscles contract and make pupil smaller. To increase light, muscles dilate (relax) and make pupil larger.
What is the order of the layers of the skin from the outermost layer to the innermost?
Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis.
What blood vessels have valves? What is the purpose?
Veins prevent backflow and enable the blood to travel toward the heart.
What is a pulse rate? Pulse rhythm? Pulse strength?
The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, the pulse rhythm is a regular or irregular rhythm, and pulse strength is a bounding, normal or thready pulse.
What is the order of the layers of the heart from the outermost layer to the innermost?
Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium.
What are the four vital signs (hint: height, weight, and vision are not vital signs)?
Body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure.
Compare and contrast arteries and veins.
Arteries are large vessels that carry blood away from the heart while veins are any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.
What is shivering and how does it help regulate body temperature? What is sweating and how does it regulate body temperature?
Shivering is an involuntary, rapid contraction of the muscles which helps generate more heat and sweating is when the body produces the sweat which evaporates to cool your body.
Temperature: Integumentary
Oral: By mouth, Normal - 97.6 - 99.6 degrees Fahrenheit
Axillary: By under the armpit(axilla), Normal - 96.6 - 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
Rectal: In the rectum(buttocks), Normal - 98.6 - 100.6 degrees Fahrenheit
Pulse: Heart Rate Measurement
Pulse: Rate, Rhythm, Strength, Normal (adult) - 60-100 beats per minute, Bradycardia - below 60 bpm, Tachycardia - above 100 bpm
Respirations:
Trachea→Bronchi→Bronchioles→Alveoli (air sacs), difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
Oxygen Saturation: parameter to measure blood oxygen content and oxygen delivery
Oxygen Saturation: Especially important for patients with COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, Lung Cancer, Anemia, Heart Failure, Heart Attack, and other cardiopulmonary disorders including COVID-19, Normal - Between 95%-100%, Hypoxemia - below 90%, Pulse Oximetry and Blood Gas Test are methods.
What is the immediate care that you give someone with an illness or injury before someone with more advanced training arrives and takes over?
First Aid
If someone is choking, the universal sign is holding the ____.
neck
Where should you place your hands when giving abdominal thrusts to a choking adult?
Slightly above the belly button.
What motion should you do with your hands when providing abdominal thrusts?
J motion.
If a person has a nosebleed, which way should they lean and what should they pinch?
Lean forward and pinch the soft part of the nose.
What should you do when a dressing becomes soaked with blood?
Apply more dressings and pressure.
If a large knife has been pushed into a victim’s body, what are some things you should and should not do?
You should try to immobilize the object with dressings around it and tape the dressings into position, place the victim in a comfortable position, maintain respirations, and obtain medical help immediately. You should not try to remove the object.
What is the number one thing you should do to help a patient that has low blood sugar?
Provide some sort of sugar.
How many back slaps and chest compressions should you give for a choking infant?
5 back slaps, 5 chest thrusts.
What is the Heimlich maneuver?
The Heimlich maneuver is a procedure performed to remove something blocking the airway through abdominal thrusts.
How many chest compressions and breaths should you administer to an unconscious adult? How many hands should you use?
30 chest compressions, 2 breaths, 2 hands.
How many chest compressions and breaths should you administer to an unconscious child? How many hands should you use?
30 chest compressions, 2 breaths, 1 hand.
How many chest compressions and breaths should you administer to an unconscious infant? How many fingers should you use?
30 chest compressions, 2 breaths, 2 fingers.
What does the acronym FAST stand for? What disease is it used for?
FACE: drooping or crooked, ARMS: difficulty moving, SPEECH: slurred or difficulty speaking, TIME: call 911 immediately. Stroke.
