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Endeavor Study Prep > Technical Questions > Flashcards

Technical Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Yaw Damper?

A

Servo that smoothly automates rudder pedals to maintain coordination.

Prevents Dutch Roll. Oscillating turns with opposite roll and yaw.

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2
Q

What Factors affect V1

A

Weight, pressure altitude, temperature, wind, runway length, runway slope, runway condition, flaps, equipment in use (thrust reverse, icing, ect)

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3
Q

What are N1 and N2?

A

N1 = Low pressure compressor, how power is set. Intake.

N2 = high pressure compressor, initial power on startup, shows power to systems. Engine core.

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4
Q

What systems are powered by hydraulics?

A

Flight controls, landing gear, brakes, flaps, spoilers, thrust reverse

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5
Q

What is RVR?

A

Runway Visual Range = horizontal distance pilot can see down the runway. 3 sensors, reported in feet.

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6
Q

What are some things that effect stall speed?

A

Load Factor, Weight, CG, Flaps/Slats, wing contamination

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7
Q

How do you increase the stall speed of an airfoil?

A

Increase Load Factor/AoA, forward CG, Flaps up, wing contamination

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8
Q

Effects of Forward CG

A

increase longitudinal stability, increase stall speed, less fuel efficient

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9
Q

Effects of Aft CG

A

Decrease longitudinal stability, decrease stall speed, more fuel efficient

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10
Q

How does altitude affect your stall AOA?

A

Air density decreases, lift decreases and stalls at a lower AOA

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11
Q

Why does stall speed increase with altitude?

A

Air density decreases, airfoil requires more laminar flow (speed) over the wing to create the same amount of lift

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12
Q

Why is it bad for a wing to stall at the wingtip first?

A

Roll control is lost first

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13
Q

What do flaps do and how do they work?

A

High lift device, increase wing camber, decreases stall speed, increase drag. Allows for lower AoA on approach without increasing speed.

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14
Q

What is a Mach Number?

A

Speed of an object in relation to speed of sound

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15
Q

What is Critical Mach?

A

When any point on the aircraft reaches the speed of sound (usually just below mach 1.0)

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16
Q

How are Critical Mach, Stall speed, and Altitude related?

A

Stall speed gets faster and speed of sound is slower with altitude. They converge on each other in the coffin (Q) corner. Can have stall buffet or overspeed buffet.

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17
Q

What happens to IAS with increase in altitude?

A

Decreases

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18
Q

What happens to TAS with increase in altitude?

A

Increases (air is less dense/less drag)

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19
Q

What happens to Mach Number with increase in altitude?

A

Mach number changes with temperature: Colder (generally higher altitude) = lower speed of sound = higher mach number

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20
Q

Why does an aircraft lose airspeed in a turn if thrust is not increased?

A

Vertical lift is traded for horizontal requiring an increase in AOA to maintain altitude. Increase in AoA reduces speed requiring power to compensate.

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21
Q

Swept wing advantages? Particularly jet aircraft?

A

Increases critical mach number, by delaying wave drag (supersonic shockwaves).

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22
Q

What are the stall characteristics of a swept wing?

A

Wing tip stalls first, higher AoA at low speeds required if flaps/slats ect not used.

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23
Q

Types of Drag

A

Induced and Parasitic (Parasitic has skin friction, form, interference). High speed has wave drag.

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24
Q

What happens to the speed of sound as altitude increases?

A

Speed of sound decreases with a decrease in temperature (standard lapse rate would be colder as altitude increases)

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25
Q

What is Mach Tuck and how is it counteracted?

A

Shockwaves cause center of pressure to move aft requiring increase in AoA. When shockwaves reach a critical level, elevator effectives is lost due to lack of smooth air flow causing a nose dive. Counteracted by stabilators and vortex generators.

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26
Q

What does critical Mach have to do with Mach tuck?

A

When critical mach is reached shockwaves begin to form. The lower critical mach is the sooner mach tuck is likely to occur.

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27
Q

What is a dutch roll?

A

Rolling and Yawing oscillations: result of dihedral effect overpowering directional stability.

28
Q

What type aircraft is susceptible to dutch roll?

A

Swept Wing

29
Q

How do you counteract dutch roll?

A

Dutch roll is typically dynamically stable. Usually can relax controls and let the yaw dampener recover.

30
Q

Holding speeds

A

0-6000 = 200 knots
6001-14000 = 230 knots
14000+ = 265 knots

31
Q

What happens to TAS and IAS as you Climb at a constant Mach

A

Decreases

32
Q

Maximum intensity stage of a thunderstorm

A

End of mature stage

33
Q

What does a swept wing do?

A

Faster airfoil speed before critical Mach is reached

34
Q

Where does RVSM airspace start and end?

A

FL290 to 410

35
Q

When do you need a takeoff alternate?

A

Weather below landing minimums at departure airport. Alternate must be within one hour at normal cruise speed with OEI in still air.

36
Q

Types of icing fluids

A

Type 1: de ice
Type 4: anti ice

37
Q

What does daytime beacon mean at a towered airport?

A

Visibility less than 3 miles or ceiling less than 1000 feet.

38
Q

What are slats?

A

Leading edge device that energizes the boundary layer and changes camber to lower stall speed.

39
Q

What is the MSA and what does it provide you?

A

Lowest altitude used: 1000ft clearance on all obstacles in the sector.

40
Q

Speed restriction inside C/D airspace

A

200 knots

41
Q

Types of Airmets

A

Zulu = icing
Sierra = IFR
Tango = turbulence

42
Q

Where must you be on an approach to continue if weather goes below minimums?

A

Inside the FAF

43
Q

When is the ILS Critical Area in effect?

A

Weather is either below 800 ceiling or 2 miles visibility and aircraft is on approach past the outer marker.

44
Q

How do you know when a cold front has passed?

A

Wind shift and temp change

45
Q

How long are standard hold legs?

A

Below 14000 = 1 min
Above 14000 = 1.5 min

46
Q

What does the D stand for in D-ATIS

A

Digital

47
Q

What is ADIZ

A

Air Defensive Identification Zone

48
Q

How does a Jet Engine start?

A

Ground Cart. Starter spins compressor/fan, ignition on, air introduced, oil pressure verify and fuel introduce, starter and ignition cut out.

49
Q

What does pressing the fire button do?

A

Shutoff valves for fuel and hydraulics, generator off, arms fire bottles.

50
Q

What is viscous hydroplaning?

A

Smooth surface hydroplaning (new pavement or rubber coated), thin layer of water and low tire speed. Braking hard causes tires to lock up.

51
Q

What is an airport reference point? (Circle with a cross)

A

Geographic center of the airport

52
Q

When must a crew member breathe oxygen?

A

FL350 when one leaves station.
FL410 one at all times.

53
Q

What is the most dangerous type of precip?

A

Supercooled water droplets

54
Q

CRJ-900 MTOW

A

84,500

55
Q

Centerline light colors

A

White
Last 3000ft alternate red/white
Last 1000ft red

56
Q

Standard lapse rate

A

-2C/3.5F per 1000ft

57
Q

V2 Speed

A

Takeoff safety speed. Maintain on climb out to ensure aircraft control and climb gradient are achieved.

58
Q

MOCA

A

Nav and obstacle clearance

59
Q

Speed restriction above 10,000

A

Mach 1

60
Q

Speed restriction below 10,000

A

250 knots

61
Q

Dimensions of class C

A

5NM bottom to 4000
10NM shelf 1200-4000

62
Q

How long before entering a hold should you slow down?

A

3 minutes

63
Q

How does a turbine engine work?

A

Suck - air is drawn in by stage 1 compressor
Squeeze - compresses through several stages into the hot section
Burn - fuel is added and ignited
Blow - hot gas expands through the tailpipe creating thrust

64
Q

What is a hung start and what should you do?

A

Engine fails to reach normal idle speed after starting - poor airflow, fuel flow, other mechanical issues. Shut it down.

65
Q

What is the VDP

A

Point which descent from the MDA can begin to the TDZ with a 3.0 degree glide path.

66
Q

What type of turbulence is in the jet stream

A

Clear air turbulence

Endeavor Study Prep (2 decks)

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