Technical Questions 1

Question 1

Explain the concept of Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)

Answer 1

CI/CD refers to the practice of continuously integrating code changes into a shared repository (CI) and automatically deploying them to production or staging environments (CD), ensuring fast, reliable delivery of software.

Question 2

What is Test-Driven Development (TDD)?

Answer 2

TDD is a development process where you write tests before writing the actual code. It follows the “Red-Green-Refactor” cycle: write a failing test, write the code to pass the test, and then refactor.

Question 3

Explain the difference between black-box and white-box testing.

Answer 3

Black-box testing focuses on testing the functionality of the application without knowing its internal structure. White-box testing, on the other hand, tests the internal logic and structure of the code.

Question 4

What is Selenium?

Answer 4

Selenium is a popular open-source framework for automating web browsers. It supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, and C#, and works with multiple browsers.

Question 5

What is Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium?

Answer 5

POM is a design pattern in Selenium that helps in creating object-oriented classes for web UI elements. It improves the maintainability and reusability of test code.

Question 6

What are the different types of testing levels? (6)

Answer 6

Unit Testing, Integration Testing, System Testing, Acceptance Testing, Regression Testing, and End-to-End Testing.

Question 7

Explain the concept of data-driven testing.

Answer 7

Data-driven testing is a methodology where test scripts are executed using multiple sets of input data, often stored in external files like CSV, Excel, or databases.

Question 8

What is API testing?

Answer 8

API testing is a type of testing where the API is tested for functionality, reliability, performance, and security.

Question 9

What is Load Testing?

Answer 9

Load testing involves simulating a high number of users or system load to test how the system behaves under heavy traffic conditions.

Question 10

What is the difference between stress testing and load testing?

Answer 10

Load testing measures how the system performs under expected load, while stress testing tests how the system behaves under extreme conditions or beyond its capacity.

Question 11

What is a Mock in Unit Testing?

Answer 11

A mock is an object that simulates the behaviour of real objects in a controlled way, used to isolate a unit of code and test it independently.

Question 12

Explain the difference between SOAP and REST APIs.

Answer 12

SOAP is a protocol with strict standards, while REST is an architectural style that uses HTTP requests. REST APIs are more flexible and lightweight compared to SOAP.

Question 13

What are the main types of HTTP methods?

Answer 13

GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS, and HEAD.

Question 14

What is XPath and how is it used in Selenium?

Answer 14

XPath is a query language for selecting nodes in an XML document. In Selenium, it is used to locate web elements based on their attributes.

Question 15

How do you handle synchronization issues in Selenium?

Answer 15

By using explicit waits (WebDriverWait), implicit waits, or fluent waits to ensure that elements are present or visible before interacting with them.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the PageFactory in Selenium?

Answer 16

PageFactory is used to initialize the elements in the page object model. It helps in reducing boilerplate code and improves test maintainability.

Question 17

What is the difference between @Before and @BeforeClass in TestNG?

Answer 17

@Before is executed before each test method, while @BeforeClass is executed only once before the first test method in the class.

Question 18

What is the difference between a Stub and a Mock in Unit Testing?

Answer 18

A stub is a method or object that provides predefined responses to calls, while a mock is used to verify interactions (such as checking if a method was called).

Question 18

What is Continuous Testing?

Answer 18

Continuous Testing refers to the process of automating tests to run continuously during the development lifecycle, providing quick feedback on code quality.

Question 19

Explain the difference between a Test Case and a Test Plan.

Answer 19

A test case is a set of conditions to test a specific feature, while a test plan is a document that outlines the scope, approach, resources, and schedule for testing activities.

Question 20

How do you handle version control in test automation?

Answer 20

By using version control systems like Git, you can keep track of changes in automation scripts, collaborate with team members, and ensure consistency in the testing process.

Question 21

What are the different types of test automation frameworks?

Answer 21

Linear Scripting, Modular Testing Framework, Data-Driven Framework, Keyword-Driven Framework, Hybrid Framework, and Behavior-Driven Development (BDD).

Question 22

Explain the concept of Test Coverage.

Answer 22

Test coverage measures the percentage of code, features, or functionality tested by automated or manual tests.

Question 23

What is the role of a senior SDET in an agile environment?

Answer 23

The senior SDET collaborates with the development team to ensure testing is integrated into the CI/CD pipeline, writes and maintains automated tests, and provides feedback on code quality.

Question 24

What is Behavior-Driven Development (BDD)?

Answer 24

BDD is a methodology where tests are written in a natural language format (Gherkin), focusing on the behavior of the application from the user’s perspective.