Technical

Question 1

When do you need to file an alternate FAR91 and 135?

Answer 1

for at least one hour before and after the airport of intended landing, if weather is below(less than)… part 91: 2,000’ ceiling or 3 miles visibility; part 135: 1,500’ above the lowest circling minimum, if no circling minimums, 1,500’ above the lowest published minimums, or 2,000’ above airport elevation, whichever is higher or visibility 3 miles or 2 miles more than the lowest visibility minimums, whichever is greater for the instrument procedure to be used

Question 2

What is MSA on an approach plate?

Answer 2

MSA are published for emergency use and are expressed in MSL and have a 25NM radius unless otherwise noted. They provide 1000ft obstacle clearance but do not necessarily assure acceptable navigation signal coverage.

Question 3

Max speed in a procedure turn?

Answer 3

200 KTS as per AIM 5-4 9a.2

Question 4

What does your departure briefing consist of?

Answer 4

WARTS
HAAM

Question 5

What are the max holding speeds 0-6000 200KTS, 6001-14000 230 KTS, 14001

Answer 5

200 230 265

Question 6

What avionics are on your current aircraft?

Answer 6

Primus

Question 7

Know your climb gradient stuff: RISE/RUN

Answer 7

Climb gradient is defined by the vertical feet climbed per 1 nautical mile of horizontal distance traveled. Since foot and NM are two different units, and that there are 6076 feet in 1 NM; to find climb gradient %, just covert the NM to 6076 ft, or simply divide the ft/nm by 6076, then times a 100 for %

Question 8

When can you go below DH/MDA?

Answer 8

91.175 You need three things: 1. Aircraft is continuously in a position from which a descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvers. 2. Flight visibility is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach begin used and: 3. At least one of the following visual references for the intended runway is distinctly visible and identifiable to the pilot: Approach light system, Threshold, Threshold markings, Threshold lights, REIL, VASI, Touchdown zone or markings, Touchdown zone lights, Runway or runway markings, and runway lights.

Question 9

When do you need a TO alternate?

Answer 9

You need a T/O alternate when the airport at which you are departing from is below landing minimums

Question 10

Convert feet per NM to a climb gradient %

Answer 10

One of the easiest ways to calculate this is look at the departure chart. On the chart will show you a table with feet per nautical mile required based on airspeed. Look at the 100kt number ex: if it is 550 ft/nm of fpm, your answer is 5.5% climb gradient.

Question 11

When can you descend with out an instrument approach?

Answer 11

A visual appr is conducted on an IFR flight plan and authorizes a pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport. 1. Pilot must have airport or preceding identified a/c in sight. 2. Appr must be authorized by ATC. 3. Wx must be at least 1000’ ceiling and 3 miles vis or greater. For part 121 and 135 turbojet: 4. Must have 91.155 VFR cloud clearance. 5. Must remain in Class B, C, D, or E airspace and within 35 nm of the airport. 6. Remain at appropriate pattern altitude for either non/large or turbine powered a/c until further descent is required for a safe landing.

Question 12

You are at FL300, ATC gives you a restriction of 2000 ft by 20DME from a VOR you are navigating from, when do you start down?

Answer 12

WELL THE FORMULA FOR DISTANCE REQUIRED TO DESCEND IS THE NUMBER OF FEET IN THOUSANDS TIMES 3 PLUS 10%. FOR THE EXAMPLE ABOVE 28X3=84+10%=92.4 + THE 20 DME = 112.4 THE OTHER FORMULA FOR DESCENT RATE IS GROUND SPEED / 2 X 10

Using the 3 to 1 rule. From 300 to 2000 is 28,000 feet. 28x3+10%= approx 93 miles from fix which in this case is 20 DME (so descent would actually begin at 113 DME). Convert groundspeed (420 kts is a good typical descent ground speed of some light and midsize jets in no wind)into miles per minute (Divide groundspeed by 60). This is 7 miles per minute. Divide miles to descend by groundspeed in miles per minute to find time to fix in descent. 93/7= 13.28 minutes. Divide altitude to descend by time to descend to fix to find required descent rate. 28000/13.28= 2108, or about 2100 fpm to descend at that speed over that distance and arrive at the crossing restriction

Question 13

When will your altimeter read higher than you really are?

Answer 13

Going from hot to cold

Question 14

What is a VDP and how to calculate?

Answer 14

Visual Descent Point on an instrument approach

Height in AGL at minimums divide by 300

Question 15

Max airspeed for Class B?

Answer 15

No max in Class B unless below 10,000 ft=250 kts. Below Class B = 200 kts

Question 16

How many miles off shore can you fly with out extended over water ops 91/135?

Answer 16

In the SOPs

FSIMS paragraph 1267, specifically state that 14 CFR 135 doesn’t address the requirements for extended overwater. In accordance with 14 CFR 135.21, each operator is responsible to develop policies and procedures for extended overwater operations.

91.509 Survival equipment for overwater operations. (a) No person may take off an airplane for a flight over water more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest shore unless that airplane is equipped with a life preserver or an approved flotation means for each occupant of the airplane

Question 17

What is the definition of V2

Answer 17

Takeoff safety speed - a referenced airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one-engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved as per Airplane Flying Handbook

Question 18

What weather is required at your alternate?

Answer 18

Part 91: Wx forecast at ETA at alternate must be 600-2 for precision approaches, 800-2 for non-precision. Part 135 may alter this situation on a per-company procedures, refer to operating manual. (usually: add 400/1 to mins if there is one suitable approach and runway, add 200/.5 to mins if there are more than one suitable approach and runway)