Teas 5 Flashcards
What’s the innate (nonspecific)? Adaptive (specific)?
1st line of defense, (skin,mucous, digestive enzymes)
2nd line of defense (fever, inflammation, phagocytosis )
3rd Line of defense
What do Natural killer cells target?
Chemotaxis
Lyse
Diapedesis
Infereon
Cancer and virus cells. Produce pore forming proteins
Wbc respond to damaged body tissue
Rupture
Squeeze through capillary beds, guided to damage or infection
Keep viruses from spreading
Salivary Amylase is secreted from?
What 2 hormones do the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) secrete?
Parotid salivary gland
Cck & secretin
Why is it important to repeat an experiment?
6 parts of a scientific argument?
Name 4 steps data collection uses?
Make sure your experiment is thorough and you get the results you want every time the experiment is repeated.
Identify problem, ask questions, form a hypothesis, experiment and collect data, analyze data, conclude your experiment.
Observation, measurement, sample, organization.
Deductive / inductive reasoning
Deductive- form a conclusion from assumption
Inductive- form a conclusion from facts
Anatomy (define)
Physiology (define)
Name structure of human body from smallest to largest
Study of organs and body systems
Function of organs and body systems
Atoms( smallest unit of life)
Molecules ( 2 or more arms are joined)
Cells (basic unit of life)
Tissue
Organs ( 2 or more tissues form to function)
Organ system ( work together to perform a task)
Organism (all organ systems working together in the body)
List 4 tissue types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Skeletal
Functions of epithelial tissue and where is it found? Does it have blood vessels?
protection
secretion
Absorption
excretion
Found= digestive tract, kidneys, urethra, skin.
It doesn’t have a blood supply
Functions of connective tissue, where is it found, is there a blood supply?
Support, protect, and bind organs.
Spleen, ligaments, tendons, bones, bone marrow
Has its own blood supply except for ligaments
Functions of muscular tissue, name 3 types of tissue, does it have a blood supply?
Produces movement.
Skeletal( supports voluntary movement, controlled by brain)
Cardiac( involuntary movement only found in the heart)
Smooth( involuntary movements, found in intestines, blood vessels, bladder, & uterus)
Function of nervous tissue, where is it found?
Neurons send electrical impulses throughout the body.
Brain, spinal cord, & nerves.
Trace the way blood travels through the heart?
- ) Deoxygenated blood comes from superior/ inferior vena cavae.
- )Travels into right atria, through the tricuspid valve.
- ) Down into the right ventricle
- ) Goes up into the pulmonary valve, into pulmonary artery, goes into lungs where gas exchange happen.
- ) Leaves the lungs oxygenated, back in the pulmonary veins
- ) into left atria, down through mitral valve
- ) into left ventricle, goes up into the aortic valve, to the aorta.
- ) Aorta distributes it to the body.
Arteries take blood______.
Veins take blood _____.
Away from the heart.
To the heart.
Where Does oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange happen?
What is the makeup of lungs?
in the alveoli in the lungs
trachea, bronchial tubes, alveoli, diaphragm
Central Nervous System is composed of?
Peripheral Nervous System is composed of? Name the 2 systems the PNS is divided into?
Spinal Cord, brain.
Cranial/ spinal nerves.
Autonomic Nervous System- controls automatic body functions like heartbeat and digestion.
Sensory-Somatic Nervous System- Controls voluntary movements such as walking and talking. 12 pairs cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
What are the functions of the liver, spleen and pancreas?
Spleen (Lymphatic System) Filters blood
Pancreas (Digestive-Exocrine, Endocrine Systems) Releases 2 hormones CCK & Secretin in the duodenum of the small intestine to help with digestion.
Releases 2 hormone insulin & glucagon to help with regulating blood sugar levels.
Liver(Digestion & Urinary) Produces bile to breakdown fats in small intestines.
Produces urea the kidneys can excrete it out.
Functions of lymphatic system.
Supports the immune system by transporting WBC to and from lymph nodes, returns fluid that has leaked from cardiovascular system back in the blood vessels.
Structure (6) / Function of kidney
- Renal Pelvis
- Renal Medulla
- Renal Pelvis
- Renal Capsule
- Renal vein & artery
- ureters
Removes waste products from the body
Where are proteins, fats, and carbs broken down?
What enzymes are used to help breakdown?
Where does most digestion take place?
Which division of the nervous system helps with digestion?
Proteins (stomach)
Carbs (mouth)
Fats (small intestine)
Protease(Proteins)
Carbs (Salivary amylase, released by parotid salivary gland)
Fats(Pancreatic enzymes, released by secretin)
Small Intestines
Autonomic Nervous System
What factors influence birth/ fertility rates? (10)
- religion
- culture
- economy
- employment
- government
- education
- literacy
- infant morality rates
- abortions
- accessibility of family planning
What is taxonomy?
Name the 6 kingdoms & 3 domains.
Classification of organisms
K: animalia, fungi, plantae, Protista, eubacteria, archaebacteria
D: archae, eukarya, eubacteria
Name the biological classification system, starting with the least specific.
Kingdom Animalia (all animals) Phylum Chordata (animals w/ backbone) Class Mammalia ( all mammals) Order Carnivore (meat eaters) Family Ursidas ( bear family) Genus Ursus (grizzly & brown bear) Species Ursus Actos (grizzly bear)
Natural Selection
Genes
Adaptation
Mutations
Species are better able to survive and reproduce in their environment than others
Provide info. For organisms characteristics. Responsible for hereditary
Species that that survive better in a certain environment
Changes in DNA affects the way it functions
What is a nucleotide made of?
Name the 5 nitrogenous bases?
Pentose (sugar), phosphate,(found in back of DNA & RNA links bases together, nitrogenous base) ( encodes genetic info in cells)
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine,uracil.
Thymine found in DNA, Uracil found in RNA.
Adenine and Guanine have 2 rings and are classified as?
Thymine & Cytosine have one ring and is classified as?
Which is double helix end?
Purines
Pyramid investment
DNA
List the parts of prokaryotic cells. (8)
Cell wall=separates inside and outside of cell.(Plasma membrane is semipermeable lets certain things in & out)
Cytoplasm (rich, protein, gel like consistency that houses organelles)
Organelles (has a unique function in the cell)
Nucleoid ( DNA of cell, contains genes and genetics))
Plasmids (small circular portions of DNA, not associated with nucleotide)
Ribosomes (make proteins from mRNA)
Flagella (allow communication & transfer of info. Between 2 cells)
Name parts and functions of Eukarya cells. (10)
Plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm, ribosomes.
Endoplasmic Reticulum ( move proteins from one part of the cell to another, move proteins out the cell) Smooth ER ( metabolic processes) Rough ER
Golgi apparatus (packages & transports proteins in cell)
Vesicles (transport proteins or other substances in or out cell)
- --vacuole ( storage unit of cell) - --- lysosomes ( rid of worn cellular parts) - -- peroxisome( rid the body of toxins)(major for oxygen and energy production)
Mitochondria ( ATP! Give cell energy.)
– cristae (enzymes r found here, help convert sugar to ATP)
Microtubules(form spindle in mitosis, organize and separate the chromosomes during cell division)
Centrosomes( help form and organize spindle)
Nucleus (Brain of the cell)
Nucleolus ( produce ribosomes that move to cytoplasm of the cell to make proteins)
What values does the Roman numerals have? (7)
M=1,000 D= 500 C=100 L=50 X=10 V=5 I=1
What is percent increase/decrease formula?
P.decrease= original value-new value/original value *100
P.increase= new value-original value/original value *100
Name 3 common graphs?
Line graphs- shows changes over time
Bar graph/ histographs- compare frequencies of an event. Bar graphs DO NOT TOUCH. HISTOGRAPHS BARS TOUCH.
Pie graph- shows frequency of events
What are autotrophs & heterotrophs?
What is cellular respiration & photosynthesis?
Autotrophs: can make their own food and use photosynthesis
Heterotrophs: cannot make their own food and use cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration: glucose is broken down by a process called glycolysis
Photosynthesis: used by green plant, green algae, & certain bacteria. Takes energy from sunlight and traps it by green pigment called chlorophyll. (Makes glucose)
Equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> +6H2O + energy
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Give plants their green color, allows energy from the sun to be used.
Allows autotroph to use sunlight to produce glucose.
Chromosomes contain stretches of DNA called?
Amino acids form?
What are proteins responsible for?
Genes
Proteins
Expression of genetic traits
Phenotype/Genotype.
Genetics
Homozygous/Heterozygous
Incomplete dominance
Physical expression in genetic traits
Organisms genetic make up code. “Genes”
Study of hereditary traits/ how traits are passed from one generation to the next
Each parent gives off same allele. (aa)
Each parent gives off a different allele. (Aa)
Mixture of traits.
Light years
Electromagnetic waves
Distance light will travel in one year
Waves of radiation classifies as electric & magnetic fields
Order electromagnetic radiation from short to long.
Order 7 VISIBLE electromagnetic radiation from long to short. From short to long. (ROY G BIV)
Gamma ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radio waves.
Red, orange,yellow,green,blue, indigo, violet
Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red
Joules
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Law of conservation energy
Energy & the ability to do work
Energy of motion
Stored energy
Energy is not lost, it’s transferred between k.e & p.e
Atomic mass
Ions
Isotope
Matter
Mass
Elements
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Atomic #
Number of protons and neutron in an element
Positively or negatively charged ions
Same # of protons, diff. # of neutrons
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Quantity of matter. (Weight)
Substances that cannot be broken down
Positively charged subatomic particles
Neutral charged subatomic particles
Negatively charged subatomic particles. (Outside of nucleus)
Catalyst increase reaction rates by______?
Catalyst?
Lowering activation rates
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.
Electro negativity
What happens when electronegativity is greater? Decreases?
Valence e-
Measure of an atoms attraction to e- in a chemical bond
Attraction is greater for bonding e-
Atomic # increases, electronegativity decreases
Outermost shell of an e-
What is considered a group in a periodic table? Period?
Mellatoids
Enzymes
What are they made of?
Vertical (up & down)
Horizontal (left & right)
Right next to the stair line
Organic molecules that catalyze a a chemical reaction
Made of amino acids
Logarithmatic formula to calculate the ph?
Litmus paper turns what color in response to base, acid?
Larger # of hydrogen ions indicates? Smaller # of hydrogen ions indicates?
What number considers an acid on a ph scale? Base? Neutral?
What’s the difference in one unit on a ph scale?
Log= -(log)(a*h)
Blue for base, red for acid.
Acid/ base
Acid: below 7
Base: above 7
Neutral: 7
10
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Hydrocarbons
What are the 2 categories they are divided in?
Isomers
Give or taking away of e-
Sharing of e-
Organic compounds contained hydrogen & carbon
Saturated (alkanes) basic structure of hydrocarbons, contain single bonds.
Formula CnH2n+2
Unsaturated -double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. Double bonds( alkenes)(formula= CnH2n) True bonds (alkynes)(formula= CnH2n-2)
2 or more molecular formulas
Metal are located where on periodic table? Nonmetals?
Which element may accept or donate e- readily, and has a mixture of metallic & nonmetallic properties? Is it considered an ionic or covalent bond?
Name 2 ionic bonds that also form chemical bonds?
What is the Lewis Structure?
Left;right
Mellatoids ; both since it gives and shares e-.
Metallic ions ( cation, positive) Nonmetallic ion (anion, negative)
Visually shows covalent bonds between atoms of a molecule
Where are the reactants in a chemical equation? Products?
Oxidation reduction
Oxidation
Reduction
Metabolism
Left ; right
Donating and accepting e-.
E- donation,produce positive ion.
E- acceptance to produce negative ion.
Chemical reactions in living organism that are necessary to maintain lifese
Name some important oxidation reaction?
Ph is apart of what reaction?
Combustion, photosynthesis,& metabolism
Acid- base.
Functions of Circulatory System AKA Cardiovascular System?
What Is it made of? (4)
Circulates various substances throughout the body. Ex. Oxygen, hormones, nutrients, and food.
Heart, veins, arteries, and blood.
Functions Of Digestive System?
What Is it made of? (7)
makes enzymes that break down food so the nutrients can be used in the body.
Esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines, stomach, rectum, & anus
Functions of Nervous System?
What is it made of? (3)
Body’s control system, and conduction of nerve impulses help keep the body away from threats
Brain, Spinal Cord, & Nerves.
Functions Of the Respiratory System?
What is it made up of? (6)
Keep the body supplied with oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi & lungs.
Crude Birth Rate/ Death Rate?
Immigration
Emmigration
What happens if a birth rate is higher than its death rate?
What happens if the death rate is higher than the birth rate?
What happens if their aren’t enough resources for a country’s population?
# of births per 1000 ppl per year. # of deaths per 1000 ppl per year.
A person moving into a country or region to live
A person moving out a country or region to live.
The population will grow unless emigration occurs.
Population will decrease unless immigration will occur.
shortage of resources occurs.
difference between an Eukaryotic Cell and plant cell?
Plant cell has chloroplast and a cell wall and the eukaryotic cell does not!
Name parts of a plant cell? (14)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER (Metabolize processes) Rough ER
Vacuole (Storage Unit)
Ribosomes (makes Protein)
Golgi Body(Packages & ships in cell)
Mitochondrion (makes energy)
Cell membrane(inner layer) Cell wall(outer layer)
Cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane(surrounds nucleus)
Centrosome(form and organize spindles in mitosis)
Chloroplasts( contains chlorophyll, which takes energy from the sun and produces glucose during photosynthesis)
Nucleus(control center of cell)
Nucleolus(produces ribosomes, move to cytoplasm so proteins are made.)
Different Parts of Speech:
Adjective
Adverb
Article
Clause
Direct Object
Words that describe nouns and pronouns (red, more, second, several)
Words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (yesterday, below, happily, partly). asks when, how, where, how much.
limits a now indefinite a & and, definite the
group of words that are related and contain a subject and verb
noun or pronoun receives the action of the verb and answers whom or what
Noun
Object of preposition
Phrase
Possessive pronoun
Preposition
Pronoun
subject
Verb
Person, place, or thing
noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause the preposition refers
group of words that are related but do not contain a subject or verb
a pronoun that shows ownership
words as as, by, to or from that gives additional information, usually in relationship to something in the sentence
Words that take the place of a noun or another pronoun (I, you, me, he, she, it, we, who, they)
noun or pronoun, that performs an action of the verb
Words that name an action or describe a state of being (run, seem)
Subject verb agreement
Pronoun Antecedent agreement
Use of Dialogue
worksheets
The girl received her letter from the varsity team.
youtube
Point of View
First Person Point of View
Second Person Point of View
Third Person Point Of View
A way in which a author writes
The author is telling the story, or is a character in the story
reader uses the pronoun “you”. be used in letters or emails
reference thoughts or actions of other characters. Uses “everyone” or “people”.
Calculate percents.
Worksheets at mathdrills.org
What percent of 100 is 3?
94% of what number is 893?
20% of 300 is what number?
Percent increase/ decrease problems.
mathdrills.com
original amount: 420
New value: 609
Increase or decrease??
original amount:320
New value:96
Increase or decrease??
