Teams, People, Organization Flashcards
4 Stage Enterprise - Describe Stage 1
- Minimize negative potential
- be internally neutral
- functions are narrow
- operational
- players have tactical roles
What are the 4 Stages Enterprise?
1. Minimize negative potential
Be internally neutral
2. Match competitors|
Be externally neutral
3. Back the strategy
Be internally supportive
4. Pursue a Distinctive, Sustainable advantage
Be externally supportive4 Stage Enterprise - Describe Stage 2
- Match competitors - be externally neutral
- uses standard or normal industry practices to guide and gauge performance
- limited strategic role
- uses consultants or Sr Mgmt for strategic issues
4 Stage Enterprise - Describe Stage 3
- Back the strategy - be internally supportive
- provide credible support to key business objectives
- what does this function do well for the business to succeed?
4 Stage Enterprise - Describe Stage 4
- Pursue a Distinctive, Sustainable advantage
Be externally supportive - valued as a source of competitive advantage by customers
- capabilities distinguish from rivals
- Sr mgmt shapes the strategy
- exploits its capabilities
- head of function is peer to sr mgr
One of the most crucial actions sr mgmt must take to achieve consistent product development excellence is…
Upgrade the strategic role of the functions
What is the first step in developing a Stage 4 Enterprise?
Build the functional Sr Mgmt Team
What are the 4 principle team structures?
- Functional
- Lightweight
- Heavyweight
- Autonomous
Describe a Functional Team
- found in large, mature organizations
- organized by functions
- works under direction of specialized dept
- sr functional mgr
- each function own the work process it has
Describe a Lightweight Team
- functional liaisons
- comprise a committee
- coordinated by a light weight proj mgr
- tracks
- schedules
- encourages works
- mgrs have expertise in their fields but no influence / authority
- lack of control over resources
- managers spend 25% of their time in the role
Describe a Heavy Weight Team
- core group of functional leaders
- responsible for work and project decisions for their functions
- leaders direct & influence the functional work on their teams
Describe Autonomous (Tiger) Teams
- heavyweight teams whose members are pulled out functions and transferred to the project
- members are co-located (POD)
- report under a heavyweight project leader
- the team has great latitude for decisions, resources & support
Strengths / Weakness of Functional Team
Strengths
- Optimal use of resources
- Expertise
- Control
- Accountability
Weaknesses
- lack of breadth
- rigid
- bureaucratic
- slow
- disjointed
Strengths / Weakness of Lightweight Team
Strengths
- Improved communication
- improved coordination
- less idle time
Weaknesses
- weak project leadre
- weak focus
- frustrating to individuals
Strengths / Weakness of Heavyweight Team
Strengths
- strong project focus
- commitment
- accountability
- integrated system solution
Weaknesses
- hard to staff
- requires breadth
- must break down functional barriers
Strengths / Weakness of Autonomous (Tiger) teams
Strengths
- focus on results
- owns business objectives
- innovative
Weaknesses
- independent
- not integrated w/rest of organization
- autonomy is core value
Lightweight Teams are particuarly useful on _____ type projects
derivated
- address incremental product changes
- use fewer resources`
What team are best for complex, uncertain and ambigous projects?
Heavyweight
When entering a new market, or to do something radically different, what team is more effective?
Autonomous
What are the 4 roles sr mgmt must be related to team mgmt
- Team launcher
- Energy source
- Commitment mgr
- Sponsor / coach
What are the 4 key tasks as Team Launcher?
- Establish the project charter
- matching teams and projects
- Selecting the right people
- Drawing up the contract book
What does the Project Charter do?
defines the purpose
establishes broad performance objectives
What is the Contract Book?
Statement of the relationship between the team and sr. mgmt
identifies what the team promises to deliver
What are the formal mechanisms linking sr mgmt and the team?
Charters
Contract Books
What areas / issues might need Sponsor involvement?
- resource needs beyond the contract book
- pricing decisions for major customers
- major changes in scheduling
- new req’s in the marketplace
Who is the voice of sr mgmt to the Teams?
The Sponsor
What approach is useful in organizing the search for understanding and insight from specific projects?
The Project Audit
How does an organization “remember” what it learns from its development experience?
Through changes in
- procedures
- tools
- processess
- structure
- principles
What are the 4 roles of sr mgmt in project execution?
- Launch
- Energy
- Commitments
- Contingencies
What factors does a product manager consider?
- intended demographic
- competitors products
- products’ fit within the company’s business model
Organizational culture
The Psychology Attitudes Experience Beliefs Values
Ravasi & Schultz defintion of organizational culture
set of shared mental assumptions that guide interpretation and action for defining appropriate behavior for varisous situations
Synergy
2 or more things functioning together to produce a result not independently obtainable
Etynology
Greek work - synergos
“working together”
Synergy is the ability to…
The ability of the group to outperform even its best individual member
Team Management
- Techniques
- Processes
- Tools
for organizing individuals toward a common goal
Why Team, Culture, Organization & People are important
- different people produce different results
- different structures produce different results
- quality of leadership produce different results
- nature of culture affects results
The pivotal activies sr mgrs perform to make teams work are…
- define project boundaries missions and charters
- picking the right teams
- creating job opps and career paths
- ensuring capabilities build knowledge, tools
Define TEAM
People with complementary skills who are committed to:
- a common purpose
- set of performance goals and approach
- are mutually accountable
Autonomous Team (Venture/Tiger Team)
- separate, self-sufficient team
- separate budget
- breakthrough projects
- co-located offsite
- team leader - high ranking within organization
Best for New to World, Radical, Breakthrough Projects
Heavy weight Team
- Empowered
- Team leader, direct supervisor
- real power
Best for new to compnay, new platform, new market projects
Lightweight Team (most common)
- Team member belong to functional dept
- team leader, coordinator, limited power
Best for improvements, derivated projects
Functional Team
- handled by 1 or more depts
- work passed from one to other
- lacks common purpose
- team leader is facilitator
Best for NPD enhancements, small changes
Typical NPD Team Structure
Functional mgr own the team member
Functional Team
Importance of Culture
- Freedom
- Equality, diversity
- Constructive environment
- Absence of hidden agendas
Fostering Innovation
- No fixed rules – instead use guiding principles
- fear is enemy #1
- Have fun
- question authority
- make new mistakes
- imagine what you can make happen
- increase visual stimuli
- create diverse teams
- ask questions about everything
- freedom and trust
Why is NPD always political?
The outcomes are uncertain/unknown
Faciltator
- Productivity booster
- non-team member
- expedites process
Sponsor
- Sr Mgr
- Supporter
- Endorser
- Assured listener
- Mentor
- Source of funds
Champion Role
- Supporter
- Spokesperson
- Push
- Voice of Project
- Won’t concede
Sr Mgmt serves as the team’s
- Team launcher
- Energy Source
- Commitment mgr
- Sponsor / coach
- Process improver
NPD / Innovation Division
viewed as small firm within a large organization
Development / Training of Team & Team members
- team development
- conflict management
- listening skills
- NPD
- Project Management
Skills specific to project
Core NPD Teams are usually ___ to ____ people
4 - 6
What is a GroupThink?
A type of thought who try to minimize conflict and reach concensus without - critical testing - analyzing - evaluating ideas
The ______, _______ and ______ must provide the support context for teams to thrive
- disciplines
- systems
- functions
Teams need these 3 things to make them work
- people
- information
- capital
What was Narver & Slater’s view on market orientation?
Considers market orientation as an organizational culture
Management Development
Process that managers learn and improve their sillis to benefit themselves AND the organization
Investments in Mgmt Development as a direct economic benefit to
the organization
Product Innovation
creation and introduction of a product either new or improved
What was Kohli & Jaworski’s view on market orientation?
Considers market orientation as the implementation of the marketing concept
2 most prominent conceptualizations market orientation
- Kohili and Jaworski
2. Navi & Slater
Market Orientation Perspectives includes
- decision-making perspective
- market intelligence perspective
- culturally based behavioral perspective
- strategic perspective
- customer orientated perspective
When to chose a Functional Team
- stable environment
- depth is crucial
- need technical excellence
When to choose a Lightweight Team
- time & responsiveness is critical
- coordination is valuable
- when org structure is functional
- when focused on enhancments, derivatives, incremental changes
When to choose a Heavyweight Team
- project is complex
- uncertain / ambiguous
- when tackling new platforms
Autonomous Teams usally have only ____ assignments
1
Conflict Management
Strategies to limit aspects of conflict
and
increase positive levels of conflct equal to or higher than where the conflict is taking place
Who is responsible for ensuring that milestones and deliverables are achieved, even though they may not have any authority over project participants?
The Team leader
A sponsor is?
A senior manager that serves as a budgeting source
The team leader is a facilitator and has no real power and the types of projects assigned are usually slight changes or slight enhancements?
Functional Team
A team charged with successfully developing a product concept and delivering to the marketplace. Resources are, for the most part, not dedicated and the team depends on the technical functions for resources necessary to get the work accomplished?
Lightweight Team
Real teams have goals and objects that are reflected within its?
Common Purpose
What is a small group of individuals that work on a project but do not have a common purpose or hold each other mutually accountable?
Work Group
The new product development business unit is often viewed as?
A small firm within a larger organization
Set of attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterize a group?
Culture
Team compensation should be in the form of?
Team Rewards
According to Crawford and DiBenedetto, once a team is appointed we should begin to think about?
Training
A team type that is focused on developing new products off an existing platform and/or improving current products?
Lightweight Team
