Teams Games Tornament DNA Protein Synthesis Flashcards
_for diabetic patients can be synthesized by bacteria that have undergone recombinant DNA processes
Insulin
The final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome
Termination
A gene mutation where a nucleotide is removed from a gene
Deletion
_bonds form between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule
Hydrogen
Unlike DNA, RNA is a _ stranded molecule
Single
The process of creating an mRNA strand from a DNA molecule
Transcription
The shape of the DNA molecule (two words)
Double helix
Something that can get DNA from one species into the cells of another (eg. a virus)
Vector
Any factor which causes a mutation is called a _
Mutagen
A gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide
Substitution
DNA and RNA are both types of _ (two words)
Nucleic acids
If a DNA strand read GATGGCTCA, the complimentary DNA strand would read
CTACCGAGT
This type of RNA is used in the ribosome during protein synthesis
rRNA
The process of DNA making copies of itself
Replication
The first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal subunit is called
Initiation
DNA is found in the _ of eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
Many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time. This unit is called a_
Polysome/poly ribosome
The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription
RNA polymerase
Nitrogenous base with a double ring structure
Purine
Proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes
Histones
The enzyme that “unzips” the DNA strand during replication
Helicase
A DNA subunit made up of three components
Nucleotide
The three letter sequence on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon
Anticodon
This type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosomes
tRNA
Chromosomal_ occur when entire portions of chromosomes are removed
Deletions
A change to the base pair sequence of a DNA molecule
Mutation
A chromosomal mutation, where a piece of chromosome is “flipped”
Inversion
Proteins are made up of chains of_ strung together (two words)
Amino acids
This type of RNA brings the instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosomes
mRNA
DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore for referred to as being a _
Polymer
Replication of the DNA molecule is considered to be a _process because each daughter strand contains half “old DNA” and half “new DNA” (two words)
Semi conservative
The reading of an mRNA strand by ribosome to make a protein is called_
Translation
UV light and x-rays are examples of_ mutagens
Radiation
A _ mutation affect only one gene
Gene/point
HPV is an example of a _mutagen
Viral
A gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene
Addition
A chromosomal mutation, where a piece of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome
Translocation
RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in DNA called _
Uracil
A nitrogenous base with a single ring structure
Pyramidine
Completed proteins are sent to the _ _for final processing and packaging (two words)
Golgi apparatus
Benzene and dioxins are examples of _ mutagens
Chemical
A chromosomal mutation wear a portion of a chromosome repeats itself
Duplication
A mutagen that causes cancer is called a _
Carcinogen
_ mutations occur in the gametes or early on in embryological development
Germinal
_ bonds form between adjoining amino acids
Peptide
The number of purine bases will always equal the number of Pyramide and bases, according to _’s rule
Chargoff
_ base pairing means that only a will pair with T and only G will pair with C
Complementary
The amino acid chain is released from the ribosome, when a stop, codon signals for a _ _to enter the ribosome (two words)
Release factor
Small circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species
Plasmid
A _ mutation affects many genes, because large portions of chromosomes are altered
Chromosomal
Addition and deletion mutation can cause devastating effects, because they cause a _, where all codons downstream of the mutation are altered
Frameshift
The enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication
DNA polymerase
The second phase of translation, where the amino acid chain grows is called _
Elongation
If the DNA strand read GATCCTAA, the mRNA strand transcribed from ur would read _
CUAGGAUU
Strong, _ bonds form between the sugar and the phosphates to form the backbone of the molecule
Covalent
The three letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid
Codon
_ mutations occur in cells after birth
Somatic
During transcription, the _ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule
Sense
