TD Development Flashcards by Kenneth Morgan

What is the toddler age range?

12-18 months to 3 years old

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What should the weight of a toddler be?

4X the birth weight

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How many teeth should a toddler have?

20 teeth

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Is a toddlers appetite expected to increase or decrease?

Decrease to reflect their growth needs

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What are the expected vital signs for a healthy toddler?

Pulse: 110
RR: 26
BP: 85/37-91/49

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What are the 3 separation stages of a toddler?

Protest
Despair
Denial

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Which stage of the 3 toddler protest stages is this:

“I will scream if you hold me, and nothing will make me stop!!”

Protest stage

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Which stage of the 3 toddler protest stages is this:

Clinging to their security blanket
Won’t pay attention to distractions

Despair

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Which stage of the 3 toddler protest stages is this:

Ignores parents but appears adjusted and reserved when they return

Denial

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For toilet training, what are 5 signs that toddlers are ready to start training?

-Diapers are dry regularly for more than 2 hours at a time, with regular bowel movements
-No constipation
-Toddlers remove their own clothing
-Don’t like dirty diapers on them
-Show interest in mimicking parents or siblings bathroom habits

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A common toddler stressor is a change in environment. What are 4 examples of a change in a toddler’s environment that would cause stress?

-Toddlers is hospitalized
-Toddler is in daycare for first time
-New sibling
-Parent was home all the time but now has to leave for work

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When people use the terms “terrible two’s” and “threenagers”, they are referring to a toddlers’ what?

Temper tantrums

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What is the biggest reaction in a toddler’s temper tantrum (besides the crying and anger) and how does it manifest?

Regression: When established routines are broken, and they return to previous developmental behavior

It will manifest as peeing their pants if they have already completed potty training

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What kind of play developmental pattern will a toddler have?

Parallel play

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What is Parallel play?

Parallel play is toddlers playing NEXT to others, but with themselves. So, they play with their own toys and own games, but AROUND other kids, not with

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What are expected toys that a toddler will play with that coincides with their normal developmental level?

Are matchbox cars expected for their developmental period?

Push-pull toys, riding toys, and dolls/stuffed animals

Ex: Push trucks, riding horsy, and doll/tiger.

No, matchbox cars are not on their developmental period

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What is the average height and weight for a 15-month-old toddler?

Height: 31 inches
Weight: 24lbs

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What are the 2 gross motor skills expected for a 15-month-old toddler?

Crawl upstairs and walk on their own (clumsy)

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A 15-month-old toddler’s fine motor skills are building a tower with (___) blocks, and an improvement with their (___) skills.

Building a tower with (2) blocks and an improvement with their (eating) skills

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What does “eating skill improvements” mean for a 15-month-old toddler?

a 15-month-old toddler should be able to hold a spoon (in their fist) or a sippy cup (although it may be upside down)

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What kinds of sentences and words would a 15-month-old be able to produce?

-One-word sentences like “ball” which could mean they want a ball, or they want to throw the ball
-Be able to name commonplace items

ex: Car, bottle, ball

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The 3 socialization milestones for a 15-month-old are giving (____) and (____) to mom and dad, be done with their (____), and their (____) anxiety should be lesser, meaning they can spend longer (____) away from their (____)

The 3 socialization milestones for a 15-month-old are giving (hugs) and (kisses) to mom and dad, be done with their (bottle), and their (stranger) anxiety should be lesser, meaning they can spend longer (time) away from their (parents)

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By 18 months, a toddler’s gross motor skills will be that they are able to run, but (____) and (____) in place using (____) feet

By 18 months, a toddler will be able to run, but (clumsily) and (jump) in place using (both) feet

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What age will toddlers be able to walk backwards?

18-months

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If a parent does an action Infront of an 18-month-old, that child will most likely what? Why?

Mimic the action. 18 months is the age if mirroring and imitation

To test their motor skills, what will an 18-month-old do involving art? How many blocks will they use in their tower?

18-month-old toddlers will scribble to express their fine motor skills 3 blocks in a tower

Ownership is one of the main socialization growths of an 18 -month-old. How does ownership manifest in an 18-month-old?

MINE! Temper tantrums are increased MY dad, MY mom, MY toy

A security blanket for an 18-month-old will be more or less significant?

A security blanket to an 18-month-old will have more control over them (MORE significant), and they won't be able to sleep without it

Language development for an 18-month-old involves (____) and word (____). How does this manifest?

Language development for an 18-month-old involves (gesture) and word (combinations). This manifests as "ball" or "car" and pointing at it

What's a stupid fun-fact about adult height involving 24-month-old toddlers?

At 24 months, their adult height will be double their 24-month-old height

How many extra teeth should a 24-month-old have?

What is bottle rot?

Bottle rot is when a toddlers teeth rot from the high sugar content in milk and juice in their bottles. The babies are layed down with their bottles to sleep and it rots their teeth

At 24 months, the toddlers jump is more like a (____) with (____) over their own feet

At 24 months, the toddlers jump is more like a (skip) with (tripping) over their own feet

At 24-months, what is the level of their language progression? What kind of phrases do they use?

They know +300 words and can follow simple commands They use 3-word phrases ex: Commands: "let's go outside" and "Close the door" ex: Phrases: "go out now", "I want potty"

What age do toddlers start using pronouns?

24 months is when toddlers start using pronouns

At 24-months, toddlers can build a tower of (__) blocks, and turn pages (________)

At 24-months, toddlers can build a tower of (6-7) blocks, and turn pages (one at a time)

What age bracket does parallel play REALLY develop?

24 months

At 30-months, a toddler should be (___) times their birth weight and they should have an additional (___) teeth

At 30-months, a toddler should be (4X) times their birth weight and they should have an additional (20) teeth

For gross motor skills of a 30-month-old, they should be able to stand on their (_____) and jump with both (____). They can also stand on (____) foot for a short time

For gross motor skills of a 30-month-old, they should be able to stand (tippy toes) and jump with both (feet). They can also stand on (one) foot for a short time

For fine motor skills of a 30-month-old, what should their fine motor skill development be? How high will their block tower be?

They can hold a crayon with their fingers rather than a fist, and draw a circle Their block tower will be 8 blocks high

In language development, 30-month-olds should be able to say their (________________), and be able to use (____) and name one (____)

In language development, 30-month-olds should be able to say their (first and last name), and be able to use (plurals) and name one (color)

Which age range for toddlers have them in clean-up "helper mode" all the time?

30-month

When do toddlers pick up on gender related changes and differences between boys and girls?

30 months

By preschool age, which is ages (__) to (__), the length of the child should be (____) by what?

By preschool age, which is ages (3) to (5), the length of the child should be their birth length (doubled) by 4

What milestones involving the hands and teeth should be present by preschool ages?

Preschool kids (3-5) should prefer one hand over the other and have their molars.

What are healthy preschool vitals?

Pulse: 90-100 RR: 24-25 BP: 85-100/60-70

Preschool age is the age where children develop illogical fears. What are some illogical fears?

Ghosts, the dark, monsters under the bed

Preschool children develop a great fear of (____) from their parents. What are 4 manifestations if this fear?

Preschool children develop a great fear of (separation) from their parents Manifestations: -Insomnia -Anxiety -Quiet crying (in room or alone) -Aggression

Preschool children are very afraid of bodily injury. How does this fear typically manifest?

Preschool kids may fear that their inside will fall out if they get a cut!

Preschool age is when children graduate from parallel play to what type of play?

Associative play

How is associative play expressed? What's an example?

Learning to share by playing with others, but till not very good at it "You are using my toy, but you are playing with it wrong"

What are the types of toys that a preschooler will play with (ages 3-5)? Name 4

-Playground toys like sandbox's or wagons -Housekeeping toys like kitchens or clothes washing -Coloring books -Tricycles!!!

What is the NUMBER 1 gross motor skill for a 3-year-old!

Riding a tricycle!

What is the average Ht and Wt of a 3-year-old?

Height: 3'1" Weight: 32lbs

At 3-years-old, children can go up the stairs, but how do they do it?

At 3, children go up the stairs one leg at a time, alternating their feet. Waddling, like a penguin

3-year-olds have a vocabulary of over (___) words and love to ask (___). The age of three is known as the (___) stage.

3-year-olds have a vocabulary of over (900) words and love to ask (questions). The age of three is known as the ("why") stage.

At 3 years old, the child's attention span increases. What are 3 activities that the child will now enjoy r/t increased attention span?

-Watching TV -Reading books -Playing a single game for longer periods of time

A 3-year-old's fine motor skills have grown to the point of being able to build a tower with (___) blocks, as well as build a (___) with (__) cubes, and can (_______) without help

A 3-year-old's fine motor skills have grown to the point of being able to build a tower with (9-10) blocks, as well as build a (bridge) with (3) cubes, and can (undress) without help

A 4-year-old's gross motor skills are developed enough to be able to throw a ball (_____), walk (______) using (_______) feet, and can (___) and (____) on one foot

A 4-year-old's gross motor skills are developed enough to be able to throw a ball (overhand), walk (downstairs) using (alternate) feet, and can (skip) and (hop) on one foot

What stage of development do 4-year-olds typically find themselves in?

The Independance stage. "I do it!!!!"

A 4-year-old can (____) their shoes, use (____) safely, and brush their (____)

A 4-year-old can (lace) their shoes, use (scissors) safely, and brush their (teeth)

What 3 fine motor skills are can a 4-year old do?

Lace their shoes Use scissors safely Brush their teeth

4-year-olds have a (___) word vocabulary and can sing what?

4-year-olds have a (1500) word vocabulary and can sing simple songs

What are 2 socialization milestones for a 4-year-old?

Mood swings Imaginary friends

What should a 5-year-old develop in their mouth by this age?

Permanent molars

5-year-olds are at the age where they start to develop more independence. This means picking out their own what and doing what with it?

Picking out their own clothes and dressing themselves

5-year-olds are capable of following how many commands in succession?

5-year-olds are capable of following 3 commands in succession: "Take of your jacket" "Put your jacket on the wall" "Take of your backpack"

At 5-years-old, children are better at understanding and following rules. Because of this, their level of play has gone from parallel to what?

Cooperative/organized play

What type of roles do 5-year-olds start to recognize and conform to?

Gender roles

Aspiration precautions for children involve avoidance of what items? What maneuver should parents know in the event of aspirations?

Choking hazards like small toys, or loose buttons Parents should know the Heimlich maneuver

Is it safe to leave a 2-year-old unattended with the family dog?

No, children should never be left unattended with animals

At 5-years-old, children are far more sociable than before. This makes 5 years old a good age to teach what concept?

Stranger danger

A child is more likely to go with a stranger if the stranger knows what detail?

If the stranger knows the child's name

Is it advisable to leave your child unattended in the bath tub?

No, do not leave your children alone in the bathtub. You can drown in 1-inch of water

Car seats should be rear facing until what age/recommendation?

2 years old or the minimum height recommendation for the car seat

A child should be using SOME type of car seat from ages (___) or when they reach (____), whichever comes first.

A child should be using SOME type of car seat from ages (8 to 12) or when they reach (4'9"), whichever comes first.

A cribs safety bars should not be farther than (____) apart

A cribs safety bars should not be farther than (6 cm) apart