TCP IP Networking Model

Question 1

Definition of Same-layer interaction on different computers.

Answer 1

Header information added by a layer of the sending

computer is processed by the same layer of the receiving computer.

Question 2

Definition of Adjacent- layer interaction on the same

computer.

Answer 2

On a single computer, one layer provides a service to a higher layer. The software or hardware that implements the higher layer requests that the next lower layer perform the needed function.

Question 3

Concepto general de Ip Routing

Answer 3

The TCP/IP network layer, using the IP protocol, provides a service of forwarding IP packets from one device to another.

Question 4

Five Steps of Data Encapsulation: TCP/IP

Answer 4

Data -> Application
TCP -> Transport
IP -> Network
Data link -> Data Link
Transmits bits -> Pgysical Layer

Question 5

Describe el paso 1 de la encapsulación TCP

Answer 5

Create and encapsulate the application data with any required application layer headers. For example, the HTTP OK message can be returned in an HTTP header, followed by part of the contents of a web page.

Question 6

Describe el paso 2 de la encapsulación TCP

Answer 6

Encapsulate the data supplied by the application layer inside a transport layer header. For end-user applications, a TCP or UDP header is typically used.

Question 7

Describe el paso 3 de la encapsulación TCP

Answer 7

Encapsulate the data supplied by the transport layer inside a network layer (IP) header. IP defines the IP addresses that uniquely identify each computer

Question 8

Describe el paso 4 de la encapsulación TCP

Answer 8

Encapsulate the data supplied by the network layer inside a data link layer header and trailer. This layer uses both a header and a trailer.

Question 9

Describe el paso 5 de la encapsulación TCP

Answer 9

Transmit the bits. The physical layer encodes a signal onto the medium to transmit the frame.

Question 10

Shows the meaning of the terms segment, packet, and frame

Answer 10

TCP -> Segment
IP -> Packet
Link Layer/Link trailer -> Frame

Question 11

Lists the benefits of using a layered networking model

Answer 11

Less complex: Compared to not using a layered model, network models break the concepts into smaller parts.
■ Standard interfaces: The standard interface definitions between each layer allow multiple vendors to create products that fill a particular role.
■ Easier to learn: Humans can more easily discuss and learn about the many details of a
protocol specification.
■ Easier to develop: Reduced complexity allows easier program changes and faster product development.
■ Multivendor interoperability: Creating products to meet the same networking standards
means that computers and networking gear from multiple vendors can work in the same
network.
■ Modular engineering: One vendor can write software that implements higher layers—for
example, a web browser—and another vendor can write software that implements the
lower layers—for example, Microsoft’s built-in TCP/IP software in its operating systems.
OSI Encapsulation Terminol