TCP/IP Introduction (Chapter 1) Flashcards
Understand concepts in Chapter 1.
Describe the TCP/IP protocol suite
a four-layer system that allows computers to communicate with each other despite differences in operating systems, computer vendors, etc.
What type of system is the TCP/IP protocol suite?
an open system - the definition of the protocol suite and many of its implementations are publicly available at little or no charge
How are networking protocols developed?
in layers - with each layer responsible for a different facet of the communications
What are the four layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite?
Link, Network, Transport, Application
Describe the Link layer.
Handles the hardware details of physically interfacing with the cable (or whatever type of media is being used) and typically includes the device driver in the operating system and the corresponding network interface card in the computer.
Describe the Network layer
Handles the movement of packets around the network using IP, ICMP and IGMP.
What does IP stand for?
Internet Protocol
What does ICMP stand for?
Internet Control Message Protocol
What does IGMP stand for?
Internet Group Management Protocol
Describe the Transport layer.
Provides a flow of data between two hosts for the application layer using TCP or UDP.
What does TCP stand for?
Transmission Control Protocol
What does UDP stand for?
User Datagram Protocol
Describe TCP
A transport-layer protocol that provides a reliable flow of data between two hosts.
Describe UDP
A transport-layer protocol that sends packets of data (datagrams) from one host to the other without guaranteeing reliability that the datagrams reach the other end.
What is a host?
Any hardware device that is capable of permitting access to a network via a user interface, specialized software, network address, protocol stack, or other means.
Describe the Application layer.
Handles any details of the particular application. Common TCP/IP applications include
- Telnet for remote login
- FTP
- SMTP for electronic mail
- SNMP
What does FTP stand for?
File Transfer Protocol
What does SMTP stand for?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
What does SNMP stand for?
Simple Network Management Protocol
What is the kernel?
The operating system
What are the main differences between the top (application) layer and the lower three layers?
- the application layer is typically a user process while the lower three are typically implemented in the kernel (OS)
- the application layer is concerned with the app details and not with the movement of data across the network
What is an internet?
A collection of networks that all use the same protocol suite.
What is the easiest way to build an internet?
By connecting two or more networks with a router.
