TCP/IP Introduction (Chapter 1)

Question 1

Describe the TCP/IP protocol suite

Answer 1

a four-layer system that allows computers to communicate with each other despite differences in operating systems, computer vendors, etc.

Question 2

What type of system is the TCP/IP protocol suite?

Answer 2

an open system - the definition of the protocol suite and many of its implementations are publicly available at little or no charge

Question 3

How are networking protocols developed?

Answer 3

in layers - with each layer responsible for a different facet of the communications

Question 4

What are the four layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite?

Answer 4

Link, Network, Transport, Application

Question 5

Describe the Link layer.

Answer 5

Handles the hardware details of physically interfacing with the cable (or whatever type of media is being used) and typically includes the device driver in the operating system and the corresponding network interface card in the computer.

Question 6

Describe the Network layer

Answer 6

Handles the movement of packets around the network using IP, ICMP and IGMP.

Question 7

What does IP stand for?

Answer 7

Internet Protocol

Question 8

What does ICMP stand for?

Answer 8

Internet Control Message Protocol

Question 9

What does IGMP stand for?

Answer 9

Internet Group Management Protocol

Question 10

Describe the Transport layer.

Answer 10

Provides a flow of data between two hosts for the application layer using TCP or UDP.

Question 12

What does TCP stand for?

Answer 12

Transmission Control Protocol

Question 13

What does UDP stand for?

Answer 13

User Datagram Protocol

Question 14

Describe TCP

Answer 14

A transport-layer protocol that provides a reliable flow of data between two hosts.

Question 15

Describe UDP

Answer 15

A transport-layer protocol that sends packets of data (datagrams) from one host to the other without guaranteeing reliability that the datagrams reach the other end.

Question 16

What is a host?

Answer 16

Any hardware device that is capable of permitting access to a network via a user interface, specialized software, network address, protocol stack, or other means.

Question 17

Describe the Application layer.

Answer 17

Handles any details of the particular application. Common TCP/IP applications include
- Telnet for remote login
- FTP
- SMTP for electronic mail
- SNMP

Question 18

What does FTP stand for?

Answer 18

File Transfer Protocol

Question 19

What does SMTP stand for?

Answer 19

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Question 20

What does SNMP stand for?

Answer 20

Simple Network Management Protocol

Question 21

What is the kernel?

Answer 21

The operating system

Question 22

What are the main differences between the top (application) layer and the lower three layers?

Answer 22

1. the application layer is typically a user process while the lower three are typically implemented in the kernel (OS)
2. the application layer is concerned with the app details and not with the movement of data across the network

Question 23

What is an internet?

Answer 23

A collection of networks that all use the same protocol suite.

Question 24

What is the easiest way to build an internet?

Answer 24

By connecting two or more networks with a router.