TCP, IP & DNS protocol layers - internet structure 1

Question 1

Describe layout of a home connected network connected via typical wireless router.

Answer 1

-Router is connected to an ISP - internet service provider, typically via telephone communication or fibre optic cable
-The ISP is connected to a Domain Name Service (DNS) and other routers that make up the backbone of the internet
-Those routers are connected to: devices on their own LANs, other routers on the WAN, Servers

Question 2

The concept of layers

Answer 2

To divide the complex tasks of networking into smaller, simpler tasks that work in closely together.
- The hard/software for each layer has a defined responsibility, and each one provides a service to the layer above it

Question 3

What are the advantages of layering?

Answer 3

• reducing a computer complex problem into smaller sub-problems
• device can be manufactured to operate at a particular layer
• products from different vendors will work together

Question 4

What is a TCP/IP stack?

Answer 4

Refers to a set of networking protocols, consisting of 4 layers working together

all incoming and outgoing data packets pass up and down through the various layers

Question 5

Does TCP/IP have 4 or 5 layers?

Answer 5

Originally there was 4 but has been updated to 5.
1. application
2.transport
3.internet
4.link
link has been split into data link and physical

Question 6

Why has the amount of TCP?IP stack layers changed?

Answer 6

Originally there were very few physical connection options, but now we have twisted pair, Wi-Fi, fibre optic etc.
it makes sense now to split it than before