TCP/IP Flashcards
What does TCP/IP stand for?
And why is it a / ?
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet protocol
It’s two protocols and is what’s called a Protocol Stack - more than one protocol working together to create full network connectivity.
Individually neither piece will allow you to connect to another computer
What is the main function of IP?
What are the primary 2 versions of it?
Help you find another computer on the network.
Not talk to them, just find them.
IPv4 and IPv6
An IP address is broken up into two simple parts. What are they?
Example
IP Address: 192.168.0.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
192.168.0 is the NetworkID
1 is the host
IPv4 IP Addresses are written in what type of notation?
The dotted decimal notation
In computers, what are the 3 most common types of numbers you will see?
Decimal
Digits 0-9
Base 10
Binary
Digits 0-1
Base 2
Hexadecimal
Digits 0-f
(16 different values for each digit)
Base 16
What is each section of an IPv4 IP Address called?
And why?
An Octet
Because humans read the 3 numbers of an octet better than the computer equivalent in binary, which converts to 8 characters in binary.
Octet = a group of 8
Example
192. = 11000000.
What does a subnet mask do at a high level?
Tells is where the network stops and where the host ids start.
Actually didn’t have SUBNET MASKS in the early days of IP
What are the subnet masks for the old 3 classes of IPs?
What were the public IP spaces for them?
Class A - 255.0.0.0
16,777,214 Hosts
The 0.0.0 are part of the Host ID
Class B - 255.255.0.0
65,534 Hosts
The 0.0 are the host ID
Class C - 255.255.255.0
254 Hosts
The .0 is the host ID
The classical system was very wasteful and didn’t allow for the selling of small groups of IPs.
IP Space
Class A 1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
How many IP Addresses are there for both versions of IP?
IPv4
32 bits
Approximately 4.3 Billion IPs
IPv6
128 bits
2^128 or approximately 3.4x10^38 Addresses
How did they start to resolve the IP address shortage?
They abandoned the class system.
The first octet doesn’t matter now, but that made the subnet mask is very important.
What are the private IP Addresses?
RFC 1918 defines these
- x.x.x
- 16.x.x
- 17.x.x - 172.31.x.x
- 168.0.x
- 168.1.x - 192.168.255.x
The subnet mask is dictating when I go to my router and when I don’t for connection to an IP.
In addition to its original function to resolve the IP shortage, What features have been added to IPv6 since its inception?
Integrated QOS
Integrated encryption IPSec for security and tunneling
Integrated mobility, maintain the same IP Address going from home, to mobile, to office network.
Extensiblea headers
