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NMT300 > TCM Written Midterm Material > Flashcards

TCM Written Midterm Material Flashcards

1
Q

what are common (deficiency) TCM diagnoses for CV concerns?

A

Heart Qi and Yang Def
Heart Blood and Yin Def
Kidney Qi Def
Spleen Qi Def -> Blood Def Def
Kidney Yin Def

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2
Q

what are common (excess) TCM diagnoses for CV concerns?

A

Heart Fire
Stomach Fire
Liver Fire
Liver Yang Rising
Lung Phlegm-Damp
Qi Stagnation: Liver, Heart, Lung
Heart Blood Stagnation

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3
Q

what is the Dan Tian Centre

A

represents stored energy in the body (in the lower burner)

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4
Q

what energy centres (7) are related to heart disease?

A

Dan Tian centre
Spleen centre
Solar plexus centre
Love and fear
Heart Centre
Throat centre
Head centres - Yintang and GV 20

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5
Q

in CV conditions, what deficiency condition(s) is paired with the following excess conditions:
- stagnant heart blood (2)
- heart phlegm
- heart fire

A
  • stagnant heart blood (2): heart yang def or heart blood def
  • heart phlegm: spleen Qi def
  • heart fire: heart/kidney Yin Def
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6
Q

in CV conditions when there are excess patterns with underlying patterns of deficiency, when do you treat first…
- during aggravations?
- between aggravations?

A
  • during aggravations: emphasis is on dispersing excess
  • between aggravations: emphasis in reducing excess AND reinforcing deficiency
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7
Q

a disturbance in Heart Spirit can cause ___ and ___ syndromes

A

anxiety and palpitation syndromes

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8
Q

3 main origins of Heart Spirit disturbance:

A
  • excess
  • stagnation
  • deficiency
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9
Q

TCM pathologies assoc with peripheral circulation syndromes (3)

A
  • Stagnant Qi and Blood
  • Deficient Blood and Yang
  • Deficient Heart and Kidney Yang
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10
Q

TCM pathologies assoc with varicose vein syndromes (3)

A

Stagnant Qi and Blood
Sinking of Spleen Qi
Damp Heat

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11
Q

what channels are involved in back pain syndromes?

A
  • Governor and Bladder channels
  • SI and GB channels (to a lesser extent)
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12
Q

what does “obstruction” refer to in “Chest Painful Obstruction Syndrome”

A

Obstruction refers to obstruction in circulation of Qi and Blood in the chest by Qi stagnation, Blood stasis, Phlegm, or Cold

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13
Q

the 3 types of chest painful obstruction

A
  • Xin Tong (Heart-Pain) - pain in the chest
  • Zhen Xin Tong (True Heart-Pain) - pain in the chest with cyanosis of face, arms, and feet
  • Jue Xin Tong (Breakdown Heart-Pain) - pain in the chest with cold limbs
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14
Q

In Chest Painful Obstruction Syndrome there’s often an interaction b/w ____ and ____ stasis as these two pathogenic factors ____ each other

A

often an interaction b/w Phlegm and Blood stasis
these two pathogenic factors aggravate each other

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15
Q

how does Stomach affect Heart and Blood circulation?

A

through the Great Connecting channel which gives the pulse the force to contract and dilate

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16
Q

what is usually the first pathogenic factor in developing chest painful obstruction syndrome?

A

liver Qi stagnation - bc Liver is involved in Qi circulation

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17
Q

how does the character of pain relate to the pathogenic factor that causes it:
- distending pain
- oppression or tightness in chest
- burning pain
- very severe pain
- stabbing pain/knife blade

A
  • distending pain: Qi stagnation
  • oppression or tightness in chest: Phlegm
  • burning pain: Heat
  • very severe pain: Retention of Cold in blood vessels
  • stabbing pain/knife blade: Blood Stasis
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18
Q

how to differentiate Retention of Cold vs Yang Def:

A
  • Yang Def: has aversion to cold and feels cold. limbs feel cold to touch and face is pale
  • Retention of Cold: exposure to cold aggravates but pt has no aversion to cold. limbs feel cold to touch
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19
Q

In edema, ____ (organ) are the root and ____ (organ) are the end of it. ____ (organ) contributes to feeling of fullness, edema, and Dampness

A

Kidneys are the root and Lungs are the end of it.
Spleen contributes to feeling of fullness, edema, and Dampness

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20
Q

functions of the Kidney (particularly Kidney Yang) that relates to stages of transformation of fluids:

A
  • Provide necessary heat for Spleen to transform body fluids (therefore, Kidney Yang def -> Spleen Yang Def)
  • Assists Small Intestine in separation of body fluids into pure and impure parts
  • Provide Qi to bladder for Qi transformation
  • Assist Triple Burner transformation and excretion of fluids
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21
Q

re: Yin Edema
- Aka:
- caused by:
- diagnostic:
- generally treated by:
- subtypes (3)

A
  • Aka: edema of the EMPTY TYPE
  • caused by: DEF OF SPLEEN AND/OR KIDNEYS
  • diagnostic: PITTING EDEMA
  • generally treated by: primary tx of Root, secondary tx of manifestation (tonify Spleen and/or Kidney Yang, resolve dampness and edema)
  • subtypes: Spleen Yang Def, Heart Yang Def, Kidney Yang Def
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22
Q

re: Yang Edema

A
  • Aka: edema of the FULL TYPE
  • caused by: external Wind-Water, external Dampness, or Toxic Heat
  • diagnostic: slight pitting edema
  • generally treated by: treating manifestation (expelling wind water, resolving toxic heat or resolving dampness)
  • subtypes: Wind-water invading the Defensive Qi, Toxic heat, Dampness, Damp Heat
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23
Q

re: Qi Edema
- caused by:
- diagnostic:
- generally treated by:

A
  • caused by: Qi stagnation
  • diagnostic: Edema is NON-PITTING
  • generally treated by: moving Qi, eliminate Stagnation, pacify the Liver
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24
Q

T/F: Yin and Yang Edema are both considered Empty pathological conditions.

A

F: Yin and Yang Edema are both considered Full pathological conditions

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25
Q

in edema, what do edema caused by edema, dampness, and phlegm all have in common?

A
  • dysfunction of transformation, transportation, and excretion of body fluids
  • can be d/t impairment of fx of Lung, Spleen, or Kidneys (except for cases of edema and Dampness from exterior origin)
  • are Full aspects of a pathological condition
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26
Q

in edema, differentiate the pathologies in: Edema, Dampness, and Phlegm

A

–Edema - accumulation of body fluids under the skin
–Dampness and Phlegm - accumulation of pathological fluids and can cause further pathology

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27
Q

how is edema of the upper body treated vs edema of the lower body?

A

Edema of upper part of the body is treated by diaphoresis
Edema of the lower part is treated by diuresis

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28
Q

what is something to watch for with herbal formulas for Qi Def?

A
  • appetite changes: manage your eating in 10-15 % increases each day to help with symptoms of Spleen dysfunction (bloating, loose stool)
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29
Q

Blood tonics require proper ___ functioning to be effective

A

require proper Spleen functioning to be effective

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30
Q

3 common TCM pathologies in heavy periods

A

Qi Def
Blood-Heat
Blood Stasis

31
Q

Blood masses in TCM:
- are they moveable or immovable?
- what do they feel like?
- pain quality?
- arise from Yin or Yang organs?
- what is the treatment principle?

A

Blood masses:
- immovable
- feel hard
- pain location is fixed
- arises from Yin organs
Tx principle:
- primarily: invigorate Blood, eliminate stasis, break Blood
- secondarily: move Qi

32
Q

Qi masses in TCM:
- are they moveable or immovable?
- what do they feel like?
- pain quality?
- arise from Yin or Yang organs?
- what is the treatment principle?

A
  • moveable/ come and go/ no fixed location
  • if assoc pain, it comes and goes as well
  • arise from Yang organs
    Tx principle:
  • primarily: move Qi
  • secondarily: invigorate Blood
33
Q

what do Phlegm masses feel like? are they moveable?

A

feels soft on palpation, usually no pain but has a fixed location

34
Q

T/F: in all cases of abdominal masses, there is always an underlying Qi def

A

True: Deficient Qi fails to transport and transform -> stagnation of Qi and Blood -> masses form

35
Q

treating abdominal masses in beginning vs middle vs late stages

A

beginning - pathogenic factor is relatively weak so resolve the pathogenic factor (move Qi, invigorate Blood, and resolve Phlegm)

middle - body’s Qi is weakening and pathogenic factor becomes more prominent - so remove the pathogenic factor and tonify body’s Qi simultaneously

late stage - pathogenic factor is very prominent and body Qi is very weak so primarily tonify body’s Qi and secondarily resolve pathogenic factor

36
Q

TCM perspective of endometriosis
- pathogenic factors
- pain severity

A
  • dampness is a frequent secondary pathological factor in endometriosis, after Blood stasis
  • amount of pain depends on severity of Blood stasis (in Western med, there is no direct correl b/w severity of pain and extent of endometriosis)
37
Q

factors in the pathology of endometriosis (4)

A

THERE IS ALWAYS A KIDNEY DEF and DISHARMONY OF LIVER AND SPLEEN
- retention of menses
- blood stasis
- kidney def (usually kidney Yang def, sometimes kidney Yin def) -> infertility
- cold, dampness, damp-phlegm

38
Q

T/F: when treating Endo with TCM principles, we treat both the root and the manifestation

A

True
ie. Tonify Kidneys and invigorate Blood (and if necessary, expel Cold, resolve Dampness)

39
Q

how does the Penetrating Vessel relate to TCM tx in gynecology?

A

Penetrating Vessel = Sea of Blood
any blood pathology (esp Blood stasis) in gynecology should be treated with this vessel

40
Q

how to activate Penetrating Vessel using Acu

A

opening points: Sp 4 and Pc6
then, use points on the vessel to move Blood (Ki14, Lv 3)

41
Q

how is the directing vessel related to treating gyne issues?

A

Directing vessel governs Yin and tonifies Kidney Yin
also regulates the uterus and can be used to tonify Kidney Yang

42
Q

how to activate Directing Vessel with Acu

A

opening points: Lu 7 and Ki 6
then, combine these with points on the vessel according to symptoms

43
Q

when would use use the Governing Vessel in gyne tx? why?

A

only whe there is pronounced Kidney Yang Def bc it governs teh Yang and controls Kidney Yang

44
Q

what are the TCM pathologies (8) that can occur with endometriosis?

A

liver blood stasis
stagnation of cold
dampness
damp heat
damp-phlegm in the uterus
kidney yang def
kidney yin def
blood def

45
Q

how to activate the Governing Vessel with Acu

A

use SI3 and UB 62 - and can combine with CV4 for Gyne issues

46
Q

Ear Acu: Function of Zero point

A

general homeostatic balance
supportive of other auricular points

47
Q

Ear Acu: function of Shenmen

A

sedates the mind
connects the body and spirit

48
Q

Ear Acu: function of Autonomic (sympathetic) point

A

balances sympathetic and parasympathetic

49
Q

Ear Acu: function of Thalamus point

A

cerebral cortex connection
regulates excitement, tranquility, sweating, swelling, and shock

50
Q

Ear Acu: function of endocrine point

A

homeostatic to endocrine levels

51
Q

what (5) auricular points are master points:

A

zero point
shenmen
autonomic/ sympathetic
thamaus
endocrine

52
Q

what (5) auricular points are secondary master points

A

master oscillation
allergy
tranquilizer
master sensorial
master cerebral

53
Q

Ear Acu: function of master oscillator point

A

balances L and R hemispheres
switches contralateral reactivity to ipsilateral reactivity

54
Q

Ear Acu: function of allergy point

A

reduces inflammatory reactions

55
Q

Ear Acu: function of tranqillizer point

A

produces a general sedation effect

56
Q

Ear Acu: function of master sensorial point

A

reduces overwhelming sensations

57
Q

Ear Acu: function of master cerebral point

A

reduces nervous conditions, negative thinking, and psychosomatic disorders

58
Q

what ear acupoints are used in the NADA protocol

A

sympathetic/autonomic
shen men
kidney
liver
lung (lung 2)

59
Q

what ear acupoints are used in the ACACD protocol

A

shen men
kidney
point zero
brain
sympathetic/autonomic
limbic system

60
Q

effects of moxa

A

restores weakened Yang
expels cold and damp
courses through the 3 Yin (very deep cold)
regulates Qi and Blood

61
Q

what type of pain (origin/TCM dx) do you need to be careful using moxa with?

A

Excess Heat bc they are already feeling warmth
- could be used in pts with a combination pattern of Yin def and Yang def in different areas, just using moxa on the Yang def areas

62
Q

moxa indications (6)

A

asthma
arthritis
vomiting
diarrhea
rheumatic pain
abdominal pain

63
Q

treatment principles in applying moxa

A

treat upper body before lower body
treat the back before the front
treat the head before the extremities

64
Q

indirect vs direct moxa uses

A

direct: good for chronic conditions, NDs are not allowed to do this bc of scarring

indirect: not touching the skin, can be used on acu points that we don’t needle, other acu points, and areas needing heat

65
Q

cupping indications

A

headache, dizziness
cough, asthma
pain in tendons d/t wind damp
epigastric pain, vomiting, diarrhea, indigestion
acute sprains
using bleeding techniques w cupping
common cold
menstrual pain
poison snake bite
non-ulcerated furuncles
Bi syndrome from wind-damp (low back, shoulders, legs)

66
Q

absolute CI for cupping

A
  • Skin ulcer
  • High fever (d/t warming in nature)
  • Over large vessels (could rupture)
  • Abdominal and sacral areas of pregnant women bc can change nerves/ligaments and we don’t want to stimulate labour
67
Q

relative CI for cupping

A
  • susceptible to spontaneous bleed
  • severely allergic skin
  • very thin muscle
  • semiconscious pt
  • edema
  • convulsions - can also be used to treat convulsions
  • dermatitis
68
Q

what are the physiological effects of dry needling

A

causes local changes by creating a lesion in all structures needled
- activates the somatosensory system first
- activates the spinothalamic tract second

69
Q

what are the main differences b/w Dry needling and TCM acupuncture

A

Dry needling:
- placement depends on pain/tenderness sites, not necessarily point/meridian specific
- treatment effect can occur immediately vs TCM acu effect may be immediate or after time

70
Q

after withdrawing a needle, the free nerve endings of the skin are stimulated for __ hours

A

72 hours

71
Q

indications for electroacupuncture

A

muscle tension
pain (muscle or nerve pain)
to increase the intensity of sensation

72
Q

absolute CI for electroacupuncture

A
  • pacemakers, insulin pumps, other embedded electrical devices
  • new cuts, scars, broken bones in acute stage
73
Q

cautions with electroacupuncture

A
  • strong stim across head
  • never across the chest
  • ant neck
  • over face (sharp sensation)
  • may cause spasms in muscles
  • do not use needles with plastic handles
  • avoid using needles <0.16mm
74
Q
A

NMT300 (2 decks)

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