TCM 1 Exam

Question 1

What utilizes sound waves to create imaging?

Answer 1

Ultrasound

Question 2

What are examples of indications for use of ultrasound?

Answer 2

Ectopic pregnancy, deep vein thrombosis

Question 3

What contraindicates ultrasound?

Answer 3

Air and bone - do not transmit

Question 4

What utilizes magnetic field to excite water molecules in the body which give off radio frequency signals detected by the computer, which generates cross sectional images?

Answer 4

MRI

Question 5

What are examples of indications for use of MRI?

Answer 5

Brain tumor, knee joint injury

Question 6

What contraindicates MRI use?

Answer 6

Magnetic objects

Question 7

What utilizes large doses of ionizing, high-energy radiation (X-rays) to create computer-generated cross-sectional images?

Answer 7

CT

Question 8

What are examples of indications for use of CT?

Answer 8

Sinusitis, trauma

Question 9

What contraindicates CT use?

Answer 9

Iodine allergy/renal function

Question 10

What uses small to medium doses of ionizing, high-energy radiation waves to create images?

Answer 10

X-ray

Question 11

What are examples of indications for use of X-ray?

Answer 11

Fracture

Question 12

What contraindicates X-ray use?

Answer 12

Nothing

Question 13

What is based on detection of very small amounts of gamma ray radioactivity emitted by radionuclide isotopes, which are usually injected intravenously or inhaled?

Answer 13

Nuclear medicine

Question 14

Isotope concentrations in the organ that is being tested are used to study the ___ of the organ.

Answer 14

Function

Question 15

What are three examples of nuclear medicine and what are they used for?

Answer 15

1. Bone scan - evaluate bone metastasis
2. VQ ventilation perfusion lung scan - evaluate potential pulmonary embolism
3. PET scan - detect increased tissue metabolism in cancer

Question 16

Which 2 modalities utilize ionizing radiation?

Answer 16

1. CT scan

2. X-ray

Question 17

List the 4 modalities in order of lowest cost to highest cost.

Answer 17

1. X-ray (cheapest)
2. Ultrasound
3. CT scan
4. MRI (most expensive)

Question 18

List the 4 modalities in order of shortest length to longest length.

Answer 18

1. X-ray (shortest)
   2/3. Ultrasound & CT
2. MRI (longest)

Question 19

What contrast is used in MRI?

Answer 19

Gadolinium sequences

Question 20

What contrast is used in CT scans?

Answer 20

IV iodine

Question 21

What contrast is used in X-ray?

Answer 21

Barium fluroscopy

Question 22

List the 4 modalities in order of worst resolution to best resolution.

Answer 22

1. ULTRASOUND IS VARIABLE
2. X-ray
3. CT scan
4. MRI

Question 23

Describe how images appear on an ultrasound.

Answer 23

1. Hyperechoic (white): calcium, air, fat
2. Hypoechoic (gray): soft tissue
3. Anechoic (Black): Fluid

Question 24

Describe how images appear on an MRI.

Answer 24

1. Hyperdense (white): T1 - fat, T2 - fluid
2. Gray: T2 - fat
3. Hypodense (black): T1 - fluid, air, bone, T2 - air, bone

Question 25

Describe how images appear on a CT scan.

Answer 25

1. Hyperintense (white): bone
2. Isointense: none
3. Hypointense (black): Fluid, air, fat

Question 26

Describe how images appear on an X-ray.

Answer 26

1. White: bone
2. Gray: fat, fluid
3. Black: air